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Notarized Bill of Sale for the Slave Bikka, Circassia, 1864 Notarized Bill of Sale for the Slave Bikka, Circassia, 1864
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5 With the Tsar’s Imprimatur: A Slave Sale Deed from Russia’s North Caucasus (1864)
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Published:June 2023
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Abstract
The abolition of the slave trade was one justification Russia used for its nineteenth-century colonial conquest of the Caucasus, but this chapter shows that enslaved people continued to be bought and sold in the Caucasus under Russian rule, sometimes with the official support of tsarist officials. The chapter presents a document discovered in the archives of Russia’s viceroyalty in the Caucasus. Written in Arabic (the lingua franca of Muslims in the Caucasus) but notarized by a tsarist official in Russian, this document records the sale of a Circassian child slave girl named Bikka in 1864, three years after Russia abolished serfdom in the empire. One of the economic networks that connected the Caucasus to Ottoman and Persian markets, the slave trade persisted under Russian rule, this chapter suggests, because tsarist rule of the region required flexibility, including allowing some local institutions and traditions to continue in spite of imperial law.
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