
Contents
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First Steps: The Political Climate of 1935–1956 India First Steps: The Political Climate of 1935–1956 India
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Winning the Established Writers Winning the Established Writers
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From 1936 to 1947 From 1936 to 1947
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‘Into the Closest Touch with the People …’ ‘Into the Closest Touch with the People …’
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The Processes of Leadership in the PWA The Processes of Leadership in the PWA
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11 Leadership in the Progressive Writers’ Movement, 1935–1947: 1977
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Published:October 2022
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Abstract
A study of organizational issues among Urdu writers in the Progressive Writers’ Association from 1935 to 1947, based on Russell’s contacts with writers and key written sources. The movement aimed to harness literature to social and political aims, bringing it closer to the concerns of ordinary people. Russell describes the political climate of the time, the anti-imperialist struggles, and the sympathy towards communists and others committed to an egalitarian social agenda. He points out contradictions in the attitudes of early leaders such as Sajjad Zahir; their unconscious attitudes as members of the educated elite, often from the landlord class. The organization sought to win support from established writers such as Premchand, and attracted many Urdu poets and short story writers. Though organizationally they were not equipped to achieve their original ambitious aims, they achieved considerable success in producing a new kind of literature that appealed to a much wider audience.
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