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Hindi, Urdu, and the ‘Link’ Language Hindi, Urdu, and the ‘Link’ Language
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Spoken and Written Forms Spoken and Written Forms
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The Development of Modern Literary Hindi The Development of Modern Literary Hindi
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Premchand, Urdu and Hindi Premchand, Urdu and Hindi
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Insha’s and Ghalib’s Experiments Insha’s and Ghalib’s Experiments
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‘Sanskritized’ and ‘Persianized’ Language ‘Sanskritized’ and ‘Persianized’ Language
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Urdu in India since Independence Urdu in India since Independence
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The Next Generation of Readers? The Next Generation of Readers?
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Urdu Literature and Devanagari Script Urdu Literature and Devanagari Script
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Urdu Literature in English Translation Urdu Literature in English Translation
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13 Hindi and Urdu, Languages and Scripts: 1996
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Published:October 2022
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Abstract
The connections between Hindi and Urdu have long been controversial. Russell discusses their history as languages, the range of overlapping vocabulary; the impact of different scripts; the development of modern literary Hindi; attempts to ‘purify’ either language by avoiding words originating from other language sources. Premchand, Gandhi, and Nehru all wished to promote national unity by stressing that Hindi and Urdu are ‘one language with two scripts’—though this is not born out in an analysis of the language Premchand himself used. In India since Independence, Hindi has been prioritised and Urdu has not been taught in government schools. Children of Urdu speaking families often cannot read the Urdu script and community efforts to counteract this have had limited effect. Some Urdu literature is now being published in Devanagri script, and there is a growing need for Urdu literature to be made available in English translation.
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