
Contents
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Antibiotics Antibiotics
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Introduction Introduction
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Antibiotic usage Antibiotic usage
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Classification and mechanism of action of antibiotics Classification and mechanism of action of antibiotics
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Context of antibiotic usage Context of antibiotic usage
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Key points for appropriate use of antibiotics Key points for appropriate use of antibiotics
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Note Note
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Resistance issues Resistance issues
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Specific resistant organisms Specific resistant organisms
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Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers
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Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile
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Others Others
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Special considerations Special considerations
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Selective decontamination of the digestive tract Selective decontamination of the digestive tract
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Eubiosis and dysbiosis Eubiosis and dysbiosis
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Future of antimicrobial therapy Future of antimicrobial therapy
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Antifungals Antifungals
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Amphotericin Amphotericin
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Azoles Azoles
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Fluconazole Fluconazole
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Itraconazole Itraconazole
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Voriconazole Voriconazole
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Posaconazole Posaconazole
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Isavuconazole Isavuconazole
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Echinocandins Echinocandins
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Caspofungin Caspofungin
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Micafungin and anidulafungin Micafungin and anidulafungin
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Flucytosine Flucytosine
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Important considerations about use of antifungals in critically ill patients Important considerations about use of antifungals in critically ill patients
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Antiviral agents Antiviral agents
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Aciclovir Aciclovir
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Ganciclovir and valganciclovir Ganciclovir and valganciclovir
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Foscarnet Foscarnet
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Cidofovir Cidofovir
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Oseltamivir Oseltamivir
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Zanamivir Zanamivir
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Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine
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Modes of action Modes of action
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Indications Indications
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Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning
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Non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure Non-paracetamol-induced acute liver failure
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Respiratory diseases Respiratory diseases
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute respiratory distress syndrome
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COPD COPD
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Other lung diseases Other lung diseases
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Contrast-induced acute kidney injury Contrast-induced acute kidney injury
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Sepsis and multiorgan failure Sepsis and multiorgan failure
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Dosing Dosing
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Side-effects Side-effects
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Multiple choice questions and further reading Multiple choice questions and further reading
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter discusses miscellaneous drugs involved in critical care and includes antibiotics, involving discussion on antibiotic usage, classification and mechanism of action of antibiotics, context of antibiotic usage, key points for appropriate use of antibiotics, resistance issues, resistant organisms, and special considerations, including selective decontamination of the digestive tract, eubiosis and dysbiosis, and the future of antimicrobial therapy. This chapter also discusses antifungals, including amphotericin B, azoles, echinocandins, flucytosine, and important considerations regarding the use of antifungals in critically ill patients; antiviral agents, including acyclovir, ganciclovir, and valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir; and N-acetylcysteine (modes of action, indications, dosing, and side-effects).
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