
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Addiction Circuitry Addiction Circuitry
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Brain Development Brain Development
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Regional Differences in Brain Development Regional Differences in Brain Development
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Structural Imaging Studies Structural Imaging Studies
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Functional Imaging Studies Functional Imaging Studies
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Risk Factors for Addiction Risk Factors for Addiction
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Developmental Vulnerability Developmental Vulnerability
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Individual Differences Individual Differences
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Prior Exposure Prior Exposure
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Effects of Prenatal Exposure on later Substance Abuse Effects of Prenatal Exposure on later Substance Abuse
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Effects of Stimulant Medication on Later Substance Abuse Effects of Stimulant Medication on Later Substance Abuse
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Disclosures Disclosures
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References References
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47. Brain Development and the Risk for Substance Abuse
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Published:November 2017
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Abstract
Addiction affects millions of people each year in the United States, with adolescence being a particularly vulnerable period of risk. This chapter provides an overview of recent human imaging and animal studies of adolescent brain development to further elucidate who may be most at risk for developing a substance abuse problem and when they may be most vulnerable. Emphasis on how brain circuitry underlying impulse control and sensitivity to rewards changes across development and how individual variation in this development may contribute to risk for addiction are highlighted. Understanding risk factors and how they change with exposure across development may enhance early detection, management, treatment, and ultimately prevention of substance use disorders.
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