... uncomfortable ground, where they alternately provoked scorn or acclaim, but rarely indifference. This was because Higuera was not operating in isolation: he played an integral, albeit contested, role in the mainstream of Spanish intellectual life in the late sixteenth century. This becomes clear as Higuera...

... of the critical intelligentsia was the bureaucracy of the Communist Party and state nomenklatura. Joseph Stalin's death resulted in “a great burst of renewal” in intellectual life. Khrushchev outmaneuvered Georgi Malenkov to succeed Stalin and proceeded with the groundwork for the Twentieth Congress in February...

... are all aspects of the same historical process. Howe also reflects on conservatism in America, along with cultural conformism and the avant-garde. He ends his essay by offering his own thumbnail definition of the humanist vision of intellectual life. culture Irving Howe This Age of Conformity...

... by Elijah's commentary, Biur, to the Shulchan Arukh, the sixteenth century Jewish legal code. This commentary proved to be Elijah's magnum opus, and it contributed to the shift of eastern European Jewish intellectual life away from a code-based culture that reflected...

... the New Economic Policy, the Communist Party remained committed to the ideals of the revolution. However, Stalin's dictatorship and counterrevolution radically transformed Soviet cultural and intellectual life. The imposition of extreme Marxism had devastating effects on various fields, from literature...

... contemporaries such as Friedrich Wilhelm Riemer, Friedrich Preller, and Ludwig Schorn. It then considers Weimar's culture, focusing on operas, concerts, science, and scholarship. It also examines the initiatives of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna and her son, Carl Alexander, to revive Weimar's intellectual life...