...This chapter investigates an influential set of concepts that has been proposed by historical sociologists, to see whether or not these concepts can account for the divergent paths that Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq and Syria took. Egypt's nationalist leadership has followed a posture of Westphalian...

...This chapter links the coming of Westphalian sovereignty to the timing and character of political struggles inside Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria. The existence of liberal democratic institutions throughout the Arab world greatly helped the emergence of an anarchic Middle Eastern states...

...This chapter reviews the divergent historical trajectories whereby five major Arab countries adopted postures congruent with this distinctive form of interstate interaction: Egypt and Tunisia, where the transition took place comparatively early; Jordan and Iraq, where it occurred quite late...

... of an autonomous, territorially bounded polity. Moreover, Jordan adopted a posture of Westphalian sovereignty in the context of slumping foreign trade. The leadership's commitment to a unified Arab polity persisted despite the general stagnation of Iraq's external trade. Finally, the foreign commerce in Syria...

... withdrew from Jordan to prevent U.S. military action. The Kennedy administration demonstrated its friendliness to both sides of the Saudi-Egypt conflict and brought the Yemeni civil war to a peaceful resolution. The status quo should be preserved and the land and sea routes safe for international trade...

... end of “gold standard” for agreements Jordan danger of proliferation from KAERI Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute KEPCo Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute KAERI Mitsubishi 123 Agreements Russia USSR Turkey uranium countries with natural uranium reserves Vietnam aspiring states...