
Contents
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Stagnant Trade and Popular Unrest in Egypt Stagnant Trade and Popular Unrest in Egypt
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Declining Trade and Labor Activism in Tunisia Declining Trade and Labor Activism in Tunisia
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Stagnant Trade and Popular Mobilization in Jordan Stagnant Trade and Popular Mobilization in Jordan
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Fluctuating Trade and Popular Disorder in Iraq Fluctuating Trade and Popular Disorder in Iraq
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Deteriorating Trade and Popular Disorder in Syria Deteriorating Trade and Popular Disorder in Syria
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Four Domestic Conflict and Regime Maintenance
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Published:July 2006
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Abstract
This chapter links the coming of Westphalian sovereignty to the timing and character of political struggles inside Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria. The existence of liberal democratic institutions throughout the Arab world greatly helped the emergence of an anarchic Middle Eastern states-system. Egyptian nationalists adopted a foreign policy platform whose primary components implied the principles of Westphalian sovereignty as part of an intense struggle to win the support of the country's small-scale manufacturers and shopkeepers. The Jordanian leadership played in preventing the formation of a tactical alliance between discontented members of the petite bourgeoisie and radical organizations actively engaged in trying to overturn the Hashemite regime. The coming of Westphalian sovereignty indicated the significance of popular participation and electoral institutions in Arab politics during the first half of the twentieth century.
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