... obscured by soft tissue or when partial midline laminectomy had been performed. Neuronavigation Spine Stereopsis ABBREVIATIONS CT computed tomography IACUC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ICP iterative closest point iSV intraoperative stereovision TRE target...

... (“exoscope”) operative system combines characteristics from both the operative microscope and endoscope and provides an affordable, portable, high-definition operative experience. Widespread use of exoscopes in neurosurgery has previously been limited by a lack of stereopsis with 2-dimensional(2-D) monitors...

... (see below). This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Parma Province, and all volunteers gave written, informed consent prior to undergoing scanning sessions, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. As stereopsis tends...

... perception. binocular vision depth extrastriate cortex functional organization Hubel and Wiesel, stereopsis Figure 2 C–E shows the responses for cell 20 recorded the same day. This neuron (receptive field 1.2° down, 1.3° out from fixation) also showed a preference for nearly...

... there is definitive evidence to settle the issue on the basis of the precautionary principle as patient safety is involved. Training standard stereopsis acuity selection medical education & training ophthalmology surgery Visual abnormalities are common in the general population. It is estimated that about...

...Joshua T. Kantrowitz; Pamela D. Butler; Isaac Schecter; Gail Silipo; Daniel C. Javitt Hypotheses for this study were 3-fold. First, that patients would show inverse susceptibility to the stereopsis and Ponzo and Hermann grid illusions, which increase (ie, become more apparent) with increasing...

...Jan-Maarten Luursema; Willem B. Verwey; Piet A.M. Kommers; Jan-Henk Annema Also, although stereopsis can be easily implemented across the whole range of virtual learning environments, its potential for learning has been largely unexplored. If computer-implemented stereopsis proves to be beneficial...

...-spatial ability. The two features studied are computer-implemented stereopsis (the spatial information that is based on differences in visual patterns projected in both eyes) and interactivity (the possibility to actively and continuously change one’s view of computer-mediated objects...

... project to different relative positions on the 2 retinas. The difference in these positions, known as the object's disparity, can be used by the visual system to estimate the distance to the object, an ability known as stereopsis ( Wheatstone 1838 ). The inputs from the eyes are first combined...

... Surgeons 2005 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To measure and compensate for soft tissue deformation during image-guided neurosurgery, we have developed a novel approach to estimate the three-dimensional (3-D) topology of the cortical surface and track its motion over time. METHODS: We use stereopsis...

... that suggest a high level of stereoscopic processing. fusiform gyrus humans random dot stereograms stereopsis subdural recording Stereopsis is traditionally defined as the perception of depth based on small positional differences, known as retinal disparities. Neurophysiological studies in monkeys showed...

... Printed in Great Britain Screening for Stereopsis without the Use of Technical Equipment: Scale Development and Cross-Validation STANLEY COREN AND A RALPH HAKST1AN Coren S (Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4...

... of the 3-D structure of objects. It discusses three of these sources of information—perspective, occlusion, and shading—and then explains motion parallax, optic flow, binocular stereopsis, eye vergence and depth constancy, vertical disparities and differential perspective, and primary and secondary depth...

... measures of binocular vision. The authors focus the discussion on general concepts of binocular development, as well as significant gaps and opportunities for future studies. critical period binocular vision stereopsis visual cortex ocular dominance plasticity interocular matching binocular disparity...

.... They could therefore form a basis for monocular stereopsis. (From Land et al. 1990 , with kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media) Figure 33.10. Eye stalks of a fiddler crab. Three families of the genus Brachyura have narrowly spaced...

... and the computational processes by which they arise. The chapter suggests that there seem to be partially separated neural pathways within the striate cortex that imply a segregation of the processing channels into three functionally distinct pathways, which includes a stereopsis and motion pathway, a colour pathway...

... circles relative to the annuli. With cross eyed fusion, the center circle will stand out in depth relative to the annulus. (b,c) Stereo half-images creating the conditions for color rivalry (dissimilar colors in the two eyes’ views) and for stereopsis (same horizontal disparity as in the top panel). (d...

...; and the physiology of stereopsis. Section 2.3 discusses the history of visual display systems, covering early display systems; the advent of the stereoscope; stereophotography; and stereoscopic movies. visual science empiricist-nativist controversy binocular vision Ptolemy Alhazen horopter stereopsis visual...

...This chapter reviews methods for measuring stereoacuity and the factors that influence it. Topics covered include tests of stereoscopic vision, stereoacuity-basic concepts, the upper disparity limit; luminance, contrast, and stereopsis; spatial factors in stereoacuity; disparity and spatial scale...

...This chapter describes the use of image representations in deriving surface information, and discusses the computational theories of possible decoding processes that are now quite well understood. These processes are stereopsis, directional selectivity, structure from apparent motion, depth from...