... Livy Valerius Maximus Varro Hellenization coinage Social War Velleius Paterculus Rhodes Parthenope Strabo Oscans piracy Fabius Pictor Quintus Italia Rhodes Roman imperialism Saturnia Social War “Pre-Roman Italy” was simply the toe of the peninsula, part of modern Calabria...

... and the Persians in 387/6, before analysing the Social War of 356–355 and the Peace of Philocrates (346). It also describes Alexander the Great’s invasion of Asia in 334 and important developments in Athenian foreign policy in the period after the invasion. Athens passim Persia Sparta Thebes Olynthus Second...

... the streets and structures in the Tiburtine territory. When Tivoli became a municipium after the Social War, the praetors were replaced as magistrates by the quattuorviri, who assumed the function of censors every five years (quinquennales). The most...

... rents from abroad while developing market incentives at home. After the defeat in the Social War from 357 to 355 ruled out the coercion option, the Athenians sought to intensify the exploitation of domestic natural resources, most notably the harbor of Piraeus and the Laurion silver mines. But in order...

... had been publicly known for its age and beauty following the Social War. It also considers the sanctuary of Mefitis Utiana and the sanctuary of Apollo Soranus as places of worship. The chapter then explores the initiatives revealing an old tradition of Romans taking over the Italic places...

... and then moves to the Social War waged by Philip and the Hellenic League against the Aetolian League. The final part of the chapter is given over to the so-called conspiracy of Apelles. It traces Philip’s relations with his guardians and whether there was even a conspiracy or Philip manipulating events to rid...

... League Aetolians Attalus I Carthage Laevinus Marcus Valerius Peace of Naupactus Rome Scerdilaidas Social War Elis First Macedonian War Hannibal Illyria Pleuratus Sparta Apollonia Black Drin Dardanians Dium Epirus Iamphorynna Maedi Oeniadae Oricum Pelagonia Pella Scopas Sintia...

...Among the problems of the Roman republic and the empire was a shortage of coins, which impeded transactions, exacerbated political strife, and encouraged counterfeiting. As early as the Social War, Romans had suffered from a shortage of coins and the resulting counterfeits. It proved impossible...

...This chapter introduces the city‐state (polis) as the chief unit of analysis, and the chronological focus on Athens from the time of the outbreak of the Social War 357 to the establishment of the tyranny of Demetrius of Phaleron in 317. During this period (and in particular...

... by noting that while the Social War was a key moment in the evolution of the Roman legal relationship with Italy, religious actions played a vital role in developing the broader sense of community. Hannibal identity Aesculapius Apollo boundaries Castor and Pollux Cato M Porcius Graecus ritus Greeks...

...This chapter attempts to elucidate the question of why the Second Athenian Confederacy failed. It argues that the Social War was the real turning point and it is proper to see its conclusion as the failure of the Confederacy. Topics discussed cover the blütezeit of the Confederacy, 378–371...

... underpinned those territorial divisions; how the various communities behaved, and how they related to Rome, and she to them. It is argued that far from being able to ‘colour in’, the whole map of that part of Italy enfranchised after the Social War as a nice patchwork of coloniae...

... legislation of 111 bc, citizenship, the character of Roman hegemony, and pre-Social War-leges are discussed. Karthage colonies Hannibalic War Italy socii Mouritsen H Pobjoy M citizenship Roman Social War Polybios Italia jurisdiction Roman legions senate Roman...

... Italians Language Material culture Romanization Administration Agency Identity Institutions Interaction Latin language New Institutional Economics Equites Markets Mediterranean Senators Settlement patterns Army Building Investment Italia geographic concept Negotiatores Social War...

... culminated in the Social War of 91–88. This chapter argues that economic considerations played a larger role in the outbreak of the war than is usually assumed. The Italians were granted Roman citizenship after the Social War, but this was not the final culmination of the process of cultural change. Roman...

.../6. This chapter considers whether he was of much importance as a politician in the wider sense. It argues that between the end of the Social War and 353/2, Eubulus established a Theoric Commission with a dominant interest in the working of the Athenian financial system, and supplied it with a fund...

... expectations focalized from the point of view of various characters, expectations which are however undermined by Polybius' narrative which presents an impression of a successful and dynamic king. In his Social War narrative, Polybius shows how Philip's vigorous and effective kingship surpasses...

... of their land without receiving any tangible benefits in return, the Gracchan reform contributed to the outbreak of the Social War in 89 bc. Gracchan land reform Laelius C cos 140 veteres possessores proletarians Sempronius Gracchus Tib tr pl 133 slaves wage labour Numantia plebs Sempronius...

... basis and also to achieve the primary goal of their federation: security for member communities. The coalition Greater Aitolia organized in 220 withstood significant punishment and territorial losses, and the koinon itself survived the added pressure. The course of the Social War...

... praetors Roman citizenship Roman state Social War voting colonies fundus fieri ius migrationis peregrini trade witnesses bona fides defendants plaintiffs possessory interdicts res mancipi ager publicus civil law contracts mandatum Badian E Gracchan land commission taxes Cicero Marcus...