... in setting respective agendas and steering their implementation through the institutions and actors of the presidential system of government. The ‘presidentialisation’ of the executive branch and a ‘presidential’ administration increasingly direct public policymaking and administration, respectively...

...Nadirsyah Hosen, Indonesia: A Presidential System with Checks and Balances. In: Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity. Edited by Rainer Grote and Tilmann J. Röder, Oxford University Press (2012). © Oxford University Press. DOI...

... or diminishing the potential importance of candidate sex and gender stereotypes. In presidential systems voters directly elect the leader, prompting voters to consider candidate traits, such as sex, when making their vote choice. In parliamentary systems people vote for a district candidate or a party s slate...

... experiments endogeneity problem political judgment voting parliamentary system presidential system institutions The notion of a personalization of politics is based on the assumption of a growing importance of leaders for election outcomes. ¹ It has been argued that this growing importance...

...In 1948, the Constitution was enacted by the Constitutional National Assembly, and a presidential system was adopted. But it was a hybrid system with both presidential and parliamentary system elements. Even though nine constitutions have been promulgated since then, this characteristic has...

... cognitive mobilization cues Schattschneider E E socio‐economic status Haider Joerg LePen Jean Marie campaigns candidate‐centred politics dealignment electoral volatility parliamentary system participation political parties presidential system split‐ticket voting The preceding chapter provided...

.... These years bought renewed attention to constitutional issues such as the independence of the judiciary and the calibre of judges and changing from a parliamentary to a presidential system — with its obvious implications for the relationship between the legislative and the executive branches of government...

... and administration rely extensively on delegation. Although specific delegation practices differ across, and within, parliamentary or presidential systems, the result is a central chain running from citizens to elected and appointed officials to those civil servants who support public policy development...

..., this selection mechanism has little, if any, effect. This chapter then addresses the theoretical implications of the project underlining that treating indirectly elected presidents differently from directly elected ones is not justified: semi-presidential systems and those with indirectly elected presidents...

... and economic policies, like the Liberal Party, have never been able to win enough seats in parliament to make a difference. The question of what type of electoral formula to adopt in 1992 was just as contentious as choosing a parliamentary or presidential system. Since the 1922 Seimas was elected through...

... , 202–203; Kwofie and Bob-Milliar 2017 , 33). Ghana politics functions in a hybrid presidential system with significant overlap between the executive and legislative branches (Boafo-Arthur 2005 ; Brierley 2012 ; Daddieh 2009). Theoretically, there is less control over individual MPs in presidential...

... or diminishing the potential importance of candidate sex and gender stereotypes. In presidential systems voters directly elect the leader, prompting voters to consider candidate traits, such as sex, when making their vote choice. In parliamentary systems people vote for a district candidate or a party s slate...

... Bougainville Peace Agreement conflict management Final Peace Agreement 1996 Mindanao Free Aceh Movement GAM Matignon Accords New Caledonia Tripoli Agreement 1976 transmigration Riker William power-sharing governance presidential system parliamentary system devolution autonomy We saw in Chapter 4...

...monarchical constitutions presidential systems republicanism democracy legitimacy minority groups separation of powers Chávez Hugo executive illiberal regimes impartiality independence of judiciary legality principle of parliamentary systems historical background United States...

... constitutional law administrative state United States presidential system Administrative Procedure Act parliamentary democracy public accountability I. Introduction   671 II. The Political Economy of Delegation   673 III. Independent Agencies   676 IV. Administrative...

... Kamalapati UP resolution on converting Parliament into constituent assembly Yadav Chandrajit Advani L K Ahmed Fakhruddin Ali Limaye Madhu Presidential system Haksar P N Soni Ambika Unnikrishnan K P Antulay A R Communist Party of India Marxist Communist Party of India National National Herald...

... interesting because it is the only country in Latin America where public opinion polls regularly show that there is not a significant gender gap in public support for women as political leaders. ² Uruguay has a presidential system, though the legislature is called the parliament. ³...