.... 2023 This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model ) Abstract Historically, offensive cyber operations (OCOs) have...

...Jeppe T Jacobsen NATO adaptation offensive cyber operations CYOC SCEPVA deterrence At the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO for the first time declared cyberspace to be a military domain. A year later, Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg introduced the NATO Cyber Operations Centre (CYOC)—the entity...

..., forced to expend more resources on defense and rebuild capabilities and infrastructure. John Bolton, the national security advisor, has boasted of a new policy to use offensive cyber operations to impose costs on adversaries and create the frameworks of deterrence. Over time, proponents suggest...

... the technical and political fallout from revealed offensive cyberoperations to assess the relative fragility of the internet. Our findings suggest that it is relatively resilient. Cybersecurity hegemonic stability theory offensive cyber operations Stuxnet Snowden Cybersecurity is a US national interest...

...Figure 1 This chapter provides an overview of intrusion operations and applies them to the security dilemma. It works through how offensive cyber operations work and distils important principles. This is based off the well-known cyber kill chain models that explain cyber operations in an accessible...

...This chapter surveys the need for a book on offensive cyber operations (OCOs). All too frequently they are misjudged and incorrectly applied, both by those who seek to employ them and those who observe from the sidelines. The introduction then provides an overview of the book's structure...

...Cyber security is neither an offensive panacea nor the Pearl-Harbor-like vulnerability it is imagined to be. The conclusions review how it is uniquely difficult to create effects successfully, continuously and meaningfully through offensive cyber operations (OCOs) in a military context...

.... This is not an absolute requirement to ensure operational effectiveness but, rather, a strategic decision. Next, it evaluates the range of requirements associated with planning and conducting offensive cyber operations. While cyberspace is often described as having low barriers to entry, many operations are in fact...

... Schelling Thomas China Schwartau Winn World War II aircraft carriers Europe Yamamoto Isoroku drones Pakistan assassinations cyberterrorism terrorism Hamas Georgia gray zone conflict GZC cyber domain cyberwar cybersecurity cyberspace offensive cyber operations strategy war deterrence...

... nuclear domain deterrence nuclear weapons nuclear command control and communications (NC3) offensive cyber operations (OCO) strategic stability information cross-domain deterrence Throughout this book we have stressed the importance of strategic specialization. Sometimes specialized capabilities...

... with intent; and deliberately and coherently communicate intent with external parties, including friendly and adversarial states. The absence of escalation thus far should not be perceived as granting a broad license for states to conduct any and all types of offensive cyber operations to satisfy a diversity...

... and ends. The spectre of cyberwar can and should be turned into a spectrum of offensive cyber operations, or OCOs. There is so much to learn by piecing together operational history, public analysis of capabilities, and existing military thought. By exploring the idea of intangible warfare conflict waged...

.... Interactions between the U.S. and Iran, in particular, illuminate the challenges associated with planning and conducting strategic offensive cyber operations. A review of patterns of behavior between rivals provides scant evidence of escalation dynamics in cyberspace. Moreover, the case studies...