... cost of political divestment. Nevertheless, the Colston 4 trial is exceptional in a process that typically pays little operational respect to the integrity principle. protest trials remorse necessity duress The criminal trial, while focused on an epistemic search for truth, is more than...

...: the necessity of identity and the substitutivity of identicals into modal contexts. modal logic necessity normativism conventionalism analyticity Burgess (1997) , building on Quine (1953) , convincingly argued that claims in quantified modal logic cannot be understood as synonymous with or logically...

... explain. The plan is as follows. Section  1 develops an analysis of need ascriptions as involving the attribution of modal properties concerned with necessity. Section  2 outlines a distinction between causation and causal explanation. Drawing on the analysis of need ascriptions, I argue...

...-monotonic reasoning necessity sufficiency The idea of revising a non-monotonic theory is valued in the community of logic since some time. A non-monotonic theory is a set of knowledge tokens expressed in a logical system whose inferential apparatus is capable of generating new conclusions both when...

...Hadiza Yusuf; Shafiu Mohammed; Mohammed Garba Magaji; Bilkisu Bello Maiha; Shakirat Iyabo Bello Patient’s medication necessity and concerns beliefs were assessed using the Patients’ Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ Specific). This self-report measure has proven validity, reliability...

... was higher when necessity beliefs were high and concern beliefs were low. Nonreciprocal effects were also present in both analyses (slope [Analysis 1]: β = 0.05, p = .006; slope [Analysis 2]: β = 0.04, p = .043), indicating that adherence was higher when both necessity...

.... In that these claims have a distinctive modal force, this recognition has far-reaching consequences that go beyond a defence of pluralism. grounding de re de dicto mereology necessity explanation Is the macro grounded in the micro? That is, is every truth about a macroscopic object fully...

... of explicit accounting for trophic interactions between the three pelagic species likely have had little impact on the robustness of past stock assessments and management in the Norwegian Sea. amphipods blue whiting chance and necessity modelling competition copepods herring krill linear inverse...

.... (2014) defined the probability of causation, and Pearl (2000) defined the probability of necessity to assess the causes of effects. For a case with multiple causes that could affect each other, this paper defines the posterior total and direct causal effects based on the evidence observed for post...

... Medication beliefs Open-label placebo Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) Necessity Concerns Framework (NCF) Nocebo mechanisms The prescription of medicine is one of the most common interventions in health care systems. Although medicines have health benefits, they can also have a negative...

... necessities, or it is a priori true that there are none. There is no middle ground in which strong necessities are conceivable, but there happen not to be any. Either modal rationalism is an a priori truth, or it is a priori false. But which of these options is right? Given all these definitions, we have...

... view according to which all worlds are nomologically identical, because it shows how the modal necessitarian can appease the orthodox contingentist about laws. contingency laws of nature modality necessity pragmatism real patterns Some philosophers think that laws of nature are contingent, others...

...Julio De Rizzo Abstract I provide a case-by-case definition of essential truths based on the notions of metaphysical necessity and ontological dependence. Relying on suggestions in the literature, I adopt a definition of the latter notion in terms of the notion of ground. The resulting account...

...Emily M Hawes; Caron P Misita; Lindsey B Amerine; Suzanne J Francart In 2017, a growing trend of denials based on failure to establish medical necessity, as well as observation of payers referring to their published policies for coverage guidelines, led to justification of a medical necessity...

.../chorus/standard_publication_model ) Abstract Drawing from extensions of existing ideas in the logic of ground, a novel account of the grounds of necessity is presented, the core of which states that necessary truths are necessary because they stand in specific grounding connections. ground necessity...

... the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] . Abstract According to linguistic conventionalism, necessities are to be explained in terms of the conventionally adopted rules that govern the use of linguistic expressions. A number of influential...

... days after starting the baseline measures]. Our primary outcomes were self-reported perceptual and practical barriers [BMQ Specific Concerns, BMQ Specific Necessity, and Practical Barriers]. We also tested whether the intervention had effects on a range of secondary outcomes: adherence, beliefs about...

..., Dennett and Taylor’s alleged refutation fails. the Consequence Argument Daniel C. Dennett power necessity incompatibilism free will ability Daniel C. Dennett has long maintained that there’s something wrong with the Consequence Argument, which is an argument that, if determinism is true, no one...

... that chimpanzees engage more with an experimental device containing honey when they have travelled more and fed less immediately before the experiment. Necessity thus tunes the attention and interest of chimpanzees toward potential ecological opportunities, a necessary condition for tool use. Abstract Although...

... ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model ) Abstract According to sparse modalism, the notion of essence can be analysed in terms of necessity and naturalness. In this paper, I develop and defend a version of sparse modalism that is equipped...