... of problems across geographic regions but by the quality of the currency serving it. Such quality depends on its ability to keep inflation rates low and its acceptance across a large and diversified economy, thus maximizing the possibilities of substitution in production and consumption within the area itself...

... IT adoption Inflation rate (CPI/ period average) Inflation ariability Real GDP growth rate Output variability Current account/GDP Chile Sep-99 5.48 0.31 4.23 0.84 -3.44 Czech Republic Jan-98 9.29 0.10 3.76 1.66 -4.52 Turkey Jan-06 9.34 0.80...

...This chapter examines the rise and variability in inflation rates in the United States in the 1970s using two aspects of Federal Reserve policy behavior during the period—smoothing short-term interest rates and stabilizing the output gap—objectives that were considered more important than a third...

... Economics Okun A Okun Arthur Maisel S J Modigliani F Papademos L Nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment NAIRU Stein H Burns A F Taylor J B Burns Arthur F Goodfriend M King R G Lindsey D E Rasche R H Volcker Paul Volcker P United States’ economy estimated model of Croushore D Stark...

... survey, the source of the consumer price data used here. The standard deviations of these commodity-level inflation rates range from a low of 3.7% to a high of 11%. The consumption terms of trade at local prices using local retail prices to measure the import and export prices rather than world prices...

... Eskom monetary policy NEDLAC National Economic Development and Labour Council privatization service delivery tax VAT value added tax South African economy consumer prices inflation rates economic policy In many countries, inflation has been on a downward trend since the early 1980s, and fairly...

... monetary, financial, and fiscal policy. Contributors also work to identify future concerns and erect clear signposts for future reforms. For instance, now that inflation rates have been stabilized, one suggested “second stage” monetary reform would be to focus on reducing rates from high to low single...

... tracked almost perfectly to the inflation rates in Mexico, capturing the volatile economic environment in the country in the aftermath of the peso devaluations between 1976 and 1985. The group also responded to regional events like the coffee crisis in the early 1990s and the earthquake in 1985...

... of devaluation. The threshold level of inflation above which inflation significantly slows growth is estimated at 1–3 percent for industrial countries and 11–12 percent for developing countries. The negative and significant relationship between inflation and growth for inflation rates above the threshold level...

...This chapter begins with a comparison of the recent inflationary experiences of heavily indebted and middle-income countries. It then discusses the historical antecedents of high inflation rates, chronic high inflation in recent history, the emergence of the ‘heterodox’ approach to stabilization...

...This chapter examines the views of German law faculties and Schöffenstühle (juries) with regard to loans and inflation in the Holy Roman Empire in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. During this time, Germany experienced high inflation rates as a result of the reduced precious...

... provisions trustees basis risk equity rating index accounting basis IAS19 buyout section IAS insurer Protection Pension Fund PPF accounting basis (IAS19) actuarial valuation actuaries buyout (Section 75) discount factor liability sensitivities nominal real and break-even inflation rates...

.... This stagnation in consumption poverty occurred despite relatively high published rates of economic growth over the same period and little change in measured inequality. Price inflation over the same period as measured by the household budget survey also differed drastically from inflation rates derived from...

...Extremely low inflation rates have moved to the forefront of monetary policy discussions. In Asia, a number of countries—most prominently Japan, but also Taiwan and China—have actually experienced deflation over the last fifteen years. This book explores the factors that have contributed...

... summarizes the results for heart attack price indexes and extends them to include quality of life and more recent time periods. It also discusses inflation rates and benefit payments. Advisory Commission on the Consumer Price Index Armknecht Paul A Cutler David Ford InaKay Ginsburg Daniel H Griliches...

... an earlier version, using data up to 2007:3 and corrected oil shares. This chapter discusses the large output losses and the rises in inflation rates that accompanied the two oil shocks of 1970 in most industrialized countries, and shows the more recent absence of analogous effects, even though the rise...

...The theme of this book is that a meaningful strategy for managing risk, exploiting opportunities, and assessing performance requires that the interdependence among macroeconomic variables is recognized. The effects of exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates cannot be estimated...