... flours improved the in vitro starch digestion, reducing rapidly digestible starch by 29% and increasing resistant starch compared to the reference bread. Free choice profiling sensory analysis revealed that the developed breads containing nuts and legumes differed from the standard gluten-free...

...Yi Huang; Manling Li; Rongjun Yu; Anne Krendl The free-choice paradigm has been widely used to study the spreading of alternatives, whereby individuals are asked to (a) rate their preference for a set of items (e.g., art prints), (b) choose between two of the items, and (c) rerate the set of items...

...-publication-reuse-rights ) Abstract Neo-Darwinian biology has demonstrated that it is possible to construct a theory of life that excludes the role of organisms’ free choice. In a richer theory, the latter as a possibility needs to be taken into account. For that purpose, it is necessary to introduce...

... , , are complete for arbitrary constant specifications. Consistency is sometimes formulated in terms of permission. We therefore study permission in the context of justification logic, introducing a notion of free-choice permission for the first time. We then discuss the philosophical implications with regard...

.../ ), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Impossibility results for free choice in the alethic context are discussed in [ 21 ]. In philosophy of language, a different methodological stance is adopted: experiments...

... that the parieto-cerebellar network is particularly engaged during freely chosen movement to monitor the congruence between the intentional content of our actions and their outcome. cerebellum delayed response task forward model free choice posterior parietal cortex preSMA National Institutes of Health...

... on the basal diets received, which rectified mineral imbalances. diet selection free choice lambs magnesium mineral supplements phosphorus Magnesium plays a vital role in biological systems and acts as a cofactor in many important enzymatic reactions ( Elin, 1994 ). The main source of energy in cells...

.../version/2/ ). Abstract Control of active bovine anaplasmosis in the United States is predicated on the use of chlortetracycline (CTC)-medicated feed throughout the vector season. However, data describing population pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline in cows, on pasture, having free-choice access...

..., intake, free choice Janie Lévesque5, Julie Arsenault6, Elsa 165 Effect of late lactation nutrition on milk produc- tion and composition in prolific sheep on an ac- Vasseur7, 1Animal Science, McGill University, celerated lambing system. Richard A. Ehrhardt1, Jordan Moody2, Barbara Makela3, Veiga...

... and the physical form of MgO influenced preference. Groups in low Mg diets favored sources of Mg with no or low concentration of P, and when P was adequate (LMg-NP), they reduced their preference for the source with the greatest concentration of P (MGP). minerals self-selection supplement intake free choice PSX...

.../group) and the number of birds in the pen during the stage (43 birds per pen at the beginning of the experimental stage). ²CON: control feeding; LMF: loose-mix feeding; FCF: free-choice feeding; WC: whole corn; PRP: protein-rich pellets. For all other stages (Table  2 ), the intake of PRP...

...J. Ranches; J. D. Arthington; U. Pardelli 2016 American Society of Animal Science Abstract A study was conducted from mid-June through July, 2016 to evaluate the effects of breed on behavioral characteristics of free-choice mineral supplements consumption. Radio-frequency identification (RFID...

... and LS group effects were not significant for calving date. Previous 013 Form of Se in free-choice mineral mix tends to work has suggested a relationship between early shedding of the affect individual ad libitum intake by grazing winter hair coat by the dam and an increase in weight of the beef...

... rules situation-specific norms prima facie norms action guidance action relevance derived obligations subjective ought unilateral permission bilateral permission free choice permission deontic conditional In Section 2 , this approach is illustrated with the variabilities in the meanings...

...D. Moya; L. Holtshausen; S. Marti; D. G. Gibb; T. A. McAllister; K. A. Beauchemin; K. Schwartzkopf-Genswein All feeds were delivered daily at 0900 h and were provided ad libitum assuring a 5 to10% weigh back. For free-choice diets, the location of each dietary ingredient within the pen was switched...

... and self-selected diets for free-range meat chickens Ingredient (%) Starter/grower; formulated¹ Free-choice diet; self-selected from 49 to 56 d² Free-choice diet; self-selected from 77 to 83 d² Corn 63.47 74.00 51.91 Whole wheat NA³...

...F. Wemelsfelder; A. E. Hunter; E. S. Paul; A. B. Lawrence The FCP procedures used were developed in food science ( Oreskovich et al., 1991 ) and adapted by Wemelsfelder et al. (2001) for use in animal science. Free-choice profiling generally consists of 2 phases. In phase 1, observers focused...

... if self-selection of dietary ingredients modulates ruminal pH and improves rumen function of feedlot finishing cattle. Treatments were total mixed ration [TMR; 85% barley grain (BG), 10% corn silage (CS), 5% supplement]; or free-choice (self-selection; FC) diets of barley grain and corn silage (BGCS...

[email protected] 1 The authors gratefully acknowledge E. Bobillier (INRA, UMR-SENAH) for the development of the free-choice feeding apparatus; M. Lefbvre, P. Bodinier, M. Massard, H. Renoult, and S. Dubois (INRA, UMR-SENAH) for the animal care and help for data collection; and R. Bergeron...

... bias in the S-ODR task and therefore contributes significantly to the decision process of the saccade direction in the S-ODR task. decision making directional delay-period activity free-choice saccade task prefrontal cortex single-neuron activity Decision making can be described as a process...