... by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. Abstract Cortical lesions are common in multiple sclerosis and are associated with disability and progressive disease. We asked whether cortical lesions continue to form in people with stable white matter lesions and whether...

...Mads A J Madsen; Vanessa Wiggermann; Marta F M Marques; Henrik Lundell; Stefano Cerri; Oula Puonti; Morten Blinkenberg; Jeppe Romme Christensen; Finn Sellebjerg; Hartwig R Siebner Madsen et al. show that patients with multiple sclerosis with cortical lesions in the sensorimotor hand area...

... in neuroimaging analysis working in agreement (for cortical lesion detection). Cortical lesions, designated to have a high intensity of at least 3 voxels across two consecutive slices were classified as intracortical if subpial ¹¹ and confined to the cortex, or leukocortical if they also involved...

... on a standardized protocol aided by MRI guided tissue dissection. ( E ) MRI scans were prospectively scored for cortical lesions, blinded to histopathology. ( F ) Subsequently, histopathological validation was performed using myelin-staining followed by a retrospective, unblinded, scoring for cortical lesions...

... of axons parallel and perpendicular to the cortical surface underlies the fractional anisotropy changes in multiple sclerosis cortex. 8 01 2019 14 03 2019 9 04 2019 However, several MRI studies have demonstrated that cortical lesions are present in all multiple...

... the last decade there has been a paradigm shift with rapidly accumulating evidence of widespread gray matter (GM) involvement. Cortical lesions (CLs) generally lack the classic pathological hallmarks that are seen in WM demyelination, showing little inflammation, virtually no gliosis and no blood–brain...

... a total of 99 lesions with histology: 16 white matter lesions and 83 cortical lesions. Of these cortical lesions, six were mixed grey matter–white matter (type I) lesions and 77 were located entirely within the cortical grey matter (27 type II, 28 type III and 22 type IV lesions). Results...

..., we investigated evidence of EBV in the infiltrated cortical lesions. Cells expressing EBV-encoded small RNA and plasma cells expressing EBV early lytic proteins (BZLF1, BFRF1) were present in all and most of the intracortical perivascular cuffs examined, respectively. Immunohistochemistry for CD8...

... email: [email protected] 2012 Abstract Cortical inflammatory lesions have been correlated with disability and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis. The extent to which cortical lesion load is associated with longer-term physical and cognitive disability in different multiple sclerosis...

... macrophages and astrocytes and microglia associated with lesions were identified as the main sources of TWEAK in the MS brains. The highest frequency of TWEAK+ cells was found at edges of chronic active white matter lesions and in subpial cortical lesions inMS cases with abundant meningeal inflammation...

... evaluated by immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein, CD68, HLA-DR, EAAT1, EAAT2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), synaptophysin, and neurofilaments. Cortical lesions were frequently observed in MS brains in variable numbers and extensions. In cortical...

... of Neuropathologists, Inc. 2006 Abstract In recent years, a number of histopathologic studies revealed the presence of cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). The underlying mechanisms responsible for cortical demyelination are unresolved. Recently, the presence of cortical lesions in autoimmune...

... of external noise, became dramatic when measured with masking noise. cortical lesions human macaque mechanisms of visual loss perceptual decision signal detection Signal detection theory ( Green and Swets 1966 ) has provided important insights into mechanisms by which optical or neural defects can limit...

...%). Comparison of the characteristics of cortical lesions with those of cortical veins seen in Duvernoy's study shows clearly that the majority of lesions arise within the territory of the principal vein V₅—types 1, 4 and 5 (277 lesions, 57.9%); the central vein of the gyrus—type 7 (99 lesions, 20.7...

... cerebral arteries, were resected completely. These cortical lesions, which were almost identical in anatomical location and pathophysiology, produced deficits in higher cortical functioning that were remarkably similar in the two patients studied. Disorganization of spatially based complex speech...

... that contributes to disease progression in the absence of ongoing relapses. Multiple sclerossis has been traditionally considered a disease primarily affecting the CNS white matter, mainly because of the difficulty to identify cortical lesions using the conventional histologic stains for myelin. However...

...) are those of Alzheimer type. Originally Alzheimer's disease (AD) was the name of an early onset dementia with characteristic cortical lesions. However, similar neuropathological findings are made in the brains of patients with senile dementia; therefore, this group was named senile dementia of Alzheimer...

... synaptic transmission intracellular calcium N methyl D aspartate NMDA receptor synaptic plasticity AMPA receptors glutamate cat visual cortex rat visual cortex LTM hippocampus cortical lesions Focal lesions of the visual cortex lead to local visual field loss (scotoma). The size of the scotoma...

... age choline fluoxetine nicotine cortical lesions laboratory rats developmental age brain injury One of the major accomplishments of neuropsychology in the 1800s was the discovery that language was normally located in the left hemisphere. It therefore came as a major surprise when...

... MNs lidocaine ibotenic acid muscimol layer V motor cortex recovery cortical lesions cervical motor lesions macaque monkeys The principles of organization and function of the cortical motor areas in non-human primates mainly concerns the control of hand movements (e.g. Porter and Lemon 1993...