... “Color blindness” is a variable trait, including individuals with just slight color vision deficiency to those rare individuals with a complete lack of color perception. Approximately 75% of those with color impairment are green diminished; most of those remaining are red diminished. Red-Green color...

... treatment as equals admissions Brown v Board of Education of Topeka color blindness diversity race egalitarianism race conscious policy basic ideals Gutmann Amy Milo Ronald moral deadlock Thompson Dennis equal treatment racism Dworkin Ronald equal concern Rawls John Advocacy Center...

... adaptation Vitamin A night blindness rhodopsin iodopsin photoisomerization color vision retinal recycling age-related macular degeneration color blindness congenital achromatopsia eccentricity blind spot optic disc scotomas striate cortex extrastriate cortex -circadian entrainment pupillary...

.... The neural processes that transform different wavelengths of light into color perception and common forms of color blindness are explained. Visual processing within cortex, including processing through the dorsal and visual streams, are presented. The process through which babies learn to interpret...

... tropes in order to rationalize the connections he hoped to make between the continental United States and the island. While Rosskam’s novel explored the productive possibilities of class-based color–blind politics, its emphasis on insularity simultaneously reinforced whiteness and characterized...

... of race help resist “color-blind” celebrations of multiplicity as they also make visible the cost of being raced by challenging the stigma attached to black identity. Balsero crisis Mariel exodus Los Angeles Mexican immigrants Miami racial categories worthy citizenship Afro Latinos black identity...

... examines three different genres through which the law engages in acts of heterotopian imagination—dissents, hortatory laws, and dicta—and illustrates their important role in the development of the concept of color blindness. Bell Derrick Caldwell Paulette Clichés Stereotypes Utopias definition...

... unions Latinos Hispanics majority minority districts alliance color blind census conservatism education employment foundational structures housing inequalities Latino groups and leaders U S Congress vouchers school AEI American Enterprise Institute American Enterprise Institute AEI...

...This chapter discusses color blindness and how it can be considered a guide and test for theories of normal vision. There are a multitude of stories to be told about the physiology of the receptor pigments of the eye and the genes that code for them, about the various kinds of cells in the retina...

... rejected claims of color-blindness, arguing that the Army must recognize the significance of race. Association of the United States Army AUSA Fort Bragg Fort Carson Fort Dix Fort Riley racial conflict Resor Stanley R Vietnam War Department of Defense DoD equal opportunity House Armed Services...

... of an unexpected connection between Buddhist teachings and the phenomenon of color-blindness. anatman anitya Ashoka Dalai Lama duhkha Menander’s Questions Mind and Life Conferences pratityasamutpada Pyrrho Ricard Mathieu Scientific Method Theravada Tibetan Buddhism Two Truths Bodhi tree Mahayana...

...This introductory chapter analyzes how color-blindness discourse functions simultaneously as legal doctrine and as political ideology. As doctrine, “getting beyond race” is the ostensible goal of both conservative and liberal theories of equal protection, expressed as principles...

...This chapter traces the language of color-blind constitutionalism to its origins in Justice Harlan’s dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and to the legal briefs of Homer Plessy’s attorney, Albion Tourgée. Rejecting common interpretations of Harlan’s phrase “Our...

...Chapter 5 analyzes how color-blind constitutionalism developed into a powerful rights-based defense of white political interests in the Supreme Court’s affirmative action and post-Brown voluntary school desegregation cases. Understood as a form of conservative judicial activism...

...This concluding chapter considers the implications of the book’s central claims: that constitutional law marks a contested site of racial formation, that color-blind constitutionalism represents an assertion of white racial interest and identity, and that the peculiar form of racial consciousness...

...Discussions of race in American law and politics have been captured by the figure of the color-blind Constitution. Whether embraced as an ideal of constitutional equality or rejected for perpetuating historical injustice, advocates and critics alike view color-blindness as a refusal of racial...

... causes, including the normality account of Harman, Stampe, Stalnaker, and Tye, partly by appeal to facts about color blindness. asymmetric dependence AD Fodor J Lloyd D Millikan R G nomic relations syntax of mental representations Adams F Aizawa K Cummins R Twin Earth case dualism Kripke S...

... as the psychophysical measurement of color and its implications, the nature of color experience in both normal color-perceivers and the color blind, and questions that arise from what we now know about the neural processing of color information, color consciousness, and color language. Taken together, these chapters...

...Although Brown v. Board was the most important Supreme Court decision of the twentieth century, the Court has never squarely faced the question, What does “desegregation” mean? For years it oscillated between two competing understandings: a “color-blindness” standard that emphasizes the pernicious...

... to identify groups and individuals in our social milieu because somatic markings are signals of social status and trigger different forms of interaction within a broad social hierarchy. Race is both real and social, and in our current milieu, neither color blindness nor race eliminativism are apt. antiracist...