... Pavlovian term, aversive classical conditioning. LeDoux argued that fear reflects feelings, which are unknown when working with animals ( LeDoux 2014 ). Nonetheless, the term “fear conditioning,” as flawed as it may be, has become widely known throughout not only the scientific community but the world...

... of life-long skills such as speech and language. Here, for the first time, we map the intracerebral processing which underlies auditory-sensorimotor classical conditioning in a group of 13 neonates (median gestational age at birth: 38 weeks + 4 days, range: 32 weeks + 2 days to 41 weeks + 6 days; median...

... The results provide evidence that conditioned sexual likes are relatively persistent, also at the behavioral level. Sexual Response Classical Conditioning Evaluative Learning Extinction Genital Arousal Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research As a result of classical conditioning, a CS can also...

..., and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] fMRI reward classical conditioning sensation seeking Appetitive conditioning is an important model for the development and maintenance of psychiatric disorders like...

... suggestion (N = 20), or control (N = 20). They were recruited by announcements and received financial compensation for their participation. We estimated the sample size on the basis of the data derived from our recent study on nocebo hyperalgesia induced by classical conditioning [ 8 ]. Based...

...Carlotta Fossataro; Giulia Bucchioni; Federico D’Agata; Valentina Bruno; Rosalba Morese; Pierre Krystkowiak; Francesca Garbarini classical conditioning pain expectancy corticospinal excitability TMS defensive behaviors anxiety traits In non-human mammal species, different types of avoidance...

... Fear seems to be a more important factor than expectancy in producing placebo analgesia induced by hidden conditioning. Classical Conditioning Expectancy Fear of Pain Hidden Conditioning Open Conditioning Placebo Analgesia Classical conditioning without verbal suggestions can produce placebo...

... a broad set of measures during conditioning to negative social unconditioned stimuli, also taking into account long-term maintenance of conditioning and inter-individual differences. Fifty-nine healthy participants underwent a classical conditioning task with videos of actors expressing disapproving (US...

...-nociceptive input during acute injury mimics the pairings thought to drive classical conditioning effects. However, empirical evidence for classically conditioned allodynia is lacking. We aimed to manipulate pain thresholds with a classical conditioning procedure that used non-nociceptive somatosensory...

... of the study: if studies met the above criteria, they were included, regardless of whether the study’s primary aim was to evaluate the classical conditioning of allodynia or of hyperalgesia. The terms ‘allodynia’ and ‘hyperalgesia’ are used in this article to aid readability, but studies were not required...

... in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region Science 1996 274 1527 31 Lissek S Bradford DE Alvarez RP Burton P Espensen-Sturges T Reynolds RC Neural substrates of classically conditioned fear-generalization in humans: a parametric fMRI study Social cognitive...

... classical conditioning fear 5-HTTLPR amygdala Prior to all analyses, data were preprocessed. This included realignment and unwarping (b-spline interpolation), slice-time correction, coregistration of functional data to each participant's anatomical image, and normalization to the standard space...

... University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] 2012 appetitive conditioning aversive conditioning classical conditioning fMRI reinforcement learning model Rewards and punishments have opposite hedonic valences but both are motivationally salient...

... functioning, and psychological variables. Adding ISR to traditional interventions seems to result in a superior treatment response. Chronic insomnia classical conditioning behavioral treatment intensive sleep retraining Chronic insomnia is a pervasive, unrelenting sleep disorder, and is associated...

... obtain arousing properties through classical conditioning, systematic research on classical conditioning of sexual responses in humans is scarce. Recently, however, our research group observed conditioned genital responses in women using a differential conditioning procedure and genital vibrostimulation...

... from contingency awareness and indicate specific neural circuits for different aspects of fear acquisition in unaware, learned aware and instructed aware subjects. fMRI classical conditioning evaluative conditioning skin conductance responses Notably, in a recent study, in which contingency...

.../), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, providedthe original work is properly cited. Abstract Three experiments are described investigating whether olfactory repellents DEET and butyric acid can support the classical conditioning of proboscis extension...

... conditioning paradigms. In a differential classical conditioning paradigm, a neutral stimulus (CS+) is paired with a salient unconditioned stimulus (UCS), whereas a second neutral stimulus (CS−) predicts its absence, or in case of picture–picture conditioning a neutral pictures (non‐UCS). After just a few...

... conditioning effects was a 2 (CS+/CS−) × 4 (trial) within-subjects design. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Through this repeated association, the neutral stimulus will trigger the same reaction as the US. In other words, the unconditioned...

... theories of sexual behavior state that most sexual stimuli obtain their arousing properties through associative learning processes like classical conditioning [ 9 ]. In animals, a number of studies have demonstrated conditioned sexual responses in males, and a few in females [ 10 ]. For example, in female...