..., and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II); adopted at Geneva, 8 June 1977; entered into force, 7 December 1978 (hereinafter, 1977 Additional Protocol II). Conduct of hostilities Weapons, biological Weapons, chemical Weapons, conventional Weapons, nuclear...

... was written by Declan Smyth. Weapons of mass destruction Weapons, conventional 0.1 The precise origin of cluster munitions is the subject of debate. Research suggests that their development, at least conceptually, can be tracked as far back as the fifteenth century, to the time of Leonardo da Vinci...

... as the commentary on paragraphs 8–14 . Weapons, conventional Article 2— Definitions For the purposes of this Convention: 1. ‘Cluster munition victims’ means all persons who have been killed or suffered physical or psychological injury, economic loss, social marginalisation or substantial impairment...

...Weapons, conventional Article 13— Amendments 1. At any time after its entry into force any State Party may propose amendments to this Convention. Any proposal for an amendment shall be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall circulate it to all States Parties...

... The authors would like to thank Christophe Lanord for his input into the commentary on this Article. Weapons, conventional Article 18— Provisional application Any State may, at the time of its ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that it will apply provisionally Article 1...

... The authors would like to thank Christophe Lanord for his input into the commentary on this Article. Weapons, conventional Article 20— Duration and withdrawal 1. This Convention shall be of unlimited duration. 2. Each State Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have...

... The authors would like to thank Christophe Lanord for his input into the commentary on this Article. Weapons, conventional Article 22— Depositary The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the Depositary of this Convention. 22.1 This Article designates...

... Weapons control Weapons, conventional ...

... to in the title of the Conventional Weapons Convention 1980 (CCW) ⁴⁴ and is reflected in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the Convention. The prohibitions and restrictions contained in the Protocols to CCW are therefore in part inspired by this principle. The ICRC Study notes that national...

..., for these purposes, appear to mean chemical weapons under the Chemical Weapons Convention and biological or bacteriological weapons under the Biological Weapons Convention. There is an obligation to register space objects ⁷⁸ and to mark appropriately such objects used for military purposes...

...Weapons, conventional Article 3— Storage and stockpile destruction 1. Each State Party shall, in accordance with national regulations, separate all cluster munitions under its jurisdiction and control from munitions retained for operational use and mark them for the purpose of destruction...

... The authors wish to thank Tracey Begley for her invaluable assistance in documenting the negotiation meetings. International Committee of the Red Cross Weapons, conventional Article 5— Victim assistance 1. Each State Party with respect to cluster munition victims in areas under its...

...Weapons, conventional Article 8— Facilitation and clarification of compliance 1. The States Parties agree to consult and cooperate with each other regarding the implementation of the provisions of this Convention and to work together in a spirit of cooperation to facilitate compliance...

... The sections, Measures to implement this Convention and Key areas of national implementation, were contributed by Gro Nystuen. Weapons, conventional Article 9— National implementation measures Each State Party shall take all appropriate legal, administrative and other measures to implement...

...Weapons, conventional Article 12— Review Conferences 1. A Review Conference shall be convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations five years after the entry into force of this Convention. Further Review Conferences shall be convened by the Secretary-General of the United Nations...

... The author would like to thank Christophe Lanord for his input into the commentary on this Article. Weapons, conventional Article 15— Signature This Convention, done at Dublin on 30 May 2008, shall be open for signature at Oslo by all States on 3 December 2008 and thereafter at United Nations...

... The authors would like to thank Christophe Lanord for his input into the commentary on this Article. Weapons, conventional Article 19— Reservations The Articles of this Convention shall not be subject to reservations. 19.1 This Article is the shortest of the Convention on Cluster...

... Virgil Wiebe assisted in the research and writing of the sections on Preparatory Discussions and Negotiations. Weapons, conventional Article 21— Relations with States not party to this Convention 1. Each State Party shall encourage States not party to this Convention to ratify, accept...

...International Court of Justice Appointment of arbitrator Jurisdiction Reparations International courts and tribunals, decisions Burden of proof Geneva Conventions 1949 Geneva Conventions 1949 Additional Protocol 1 Weapons, conventional Article 5 of the December 2000 Algiers Agreement...