... in 16 OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) economies from 1997 to 2023. We employed advanced panel data models that account for cross-sectional dependence and other potential issues associated with longitudinal data sets. The findings reveal that high economic policy uncertainty...

... for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) introduced this concept in its Education 2030 project, a vision for curriculum—especially the curriculum in schools—in an increasingly uncertain future. Since the introduction of the project, the emphasis on the individual student’s role in learning has grown...

...Jonas Fischer; Borbála Szabó; Leonid Manikhin; Juliane Filser surfactants springtail reproduction test Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 232 German Federal Environment Agency Humboldt Research Fellowship Alexander von Humboldt Foundation...

... influence project success; (III) more-complex development finance projects are less successful, in particular in terms of technical complexity and longer implementation duration; (IV) riskier projects are significantly less successful. development finance OECD DAC evaluation criteria meta analysis...

...Christopher J. Sweeney; Melanie Bottoms; Lennart Schulz FIGURE 2 Control data from Syngenta OECD 216 studies demonstrating the dip (A, C) and rise (B, D) responses in nitrate concentrations throughout the test period. Control data in the absence of test compound addition are presented indicating...

...Sangeun Lee The Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) global governance of education has been gradually expanding. In the past, education policy was mainly a national issue, and it was typically the policies of the ‘rich’ or ‘high prestige’ countries’ policies that were...

... reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The current Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development test guideline number 487 (OECD TG No. 487) provides instruction on how to conduct the in vitro micronucleus assay...

... University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights ) Acute toxicity study was conducted as per OECD 423 protocol. Animals (7–8 weeks old) were randomized into 3 different groups (n = 3) based on body weight, male (207–246 g...

... a measure of party nationalisation capturing spatial differences in electoral support across districts in OECD countries over the last 60 years, we find that a declining rural population increases differences in the geographical distribution of partisan support within countries. Nationalisation determines...

...Xiaoyi Fang; Ani L Katchova The objectives of this study are to evaluate the accuracy of the OECD–FAO and USDA agricultural baseline projections and to compare the predictability of the OECD–FAO and USDA baseline projections using single- and multi-horizons. The baselines can be used to understand...

... (TG) using fish as models for thyroid‐related effects; rather, amphibians are used. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to integrate thyroid‐related endpoints for fish into a test protocol combining OECD TGs 229 (Fish Short‐Term Reproduction Assay) and 234 (Fish Sexual Development Test...

...) in an experiment that merged OECD test guidelines 229 and 234, the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT). PTU and EE2 had strong effects on various endocrine‐related endpoints in zebrafish adults and their offspring. All established biomarkers and endpoints were responsive as expected, including...

... approach is also recommended within the genotoxicity testing roadmap [ 1 ]. Abstract Genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials remains challenging as standard testing approaches require some adaptation, and further development of nano-specific OECD Test Guidelines (TGs) and Guidance Documents (GDs...

... noticeable immunological response as well. Acute bacteriophage cytokines OECD sub‐acute toxicity The emergence of multi‐drug resistant bacteria has forced humankind to look for alternatives to antibiotics. In the recent time, alternative approaches have focused on the development of different...

..., particularly in terms of their transnational character and operations. The next section looks at whether business and human rights instruments are applicable to NGOs, and if so, to what kinds of NGO. This section examines how the three main business and human rights instruments, the GC, the OECD Guidelines...

... OECD countries. Functional income inequality is measured by the share of employee compensation in gross value added. This share is obtained from the OECD National Accounts. While employees’ labour compensation is clear-cut and broadly available, self-employed workers earn mixed incomes comprising...

..., biodegradation exceeded 60% in 2 of 3 experimental replicates; however, the average biodegradation was <60% (59.3 ± 5.3%), which is the borderline of ready biodegradability. For PLA, no biodegradation was observed. The OECD has acknowledged that ready biodegradability tests can sometimes fail because...

...Robert C. Buck; Stephen H. Korzeniowski; Evan Laganis; Frank Adamsky AGC Chemicals Company, Daikin Industries, and The Chemours Company participated in this study. The 2018 OECD/UNEP Report entitled: “(new comprehensive) Global Database of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)” provides...

.../standard_publication_model ) We assume that African exporting countries of mangoes face deficient infrastructure and insufficient technical and storage capacities to comply with OECD countries’ technical NTMs. Consequently, complying with higher standards is costly for upstream producers in Africa. In addition, due...

...Laura Bradford; Mateo Aboy; Kathleen Liddell COVID-19 tracking app GDPR HIPAA CCPA privacy and data protection OECD privacy principles Digital surveillance and tracking has played a crucial role in containing the Coronavirus outbreak in China, Singapore, and South Korea, among others...