... Muslim Board of Ufa Hejaz Islam mäjälläse Islamic Journal Kashshaf al Din Tarjumani Mecca protection of Medina nation states post World War I dissidents and refugees ousted from NKID Commisariat or Ministry of Foreign Affairs OGPU Soviet state intelligence service religion and science Rida al...

... Mashhad Minault Gail Qureshi M Naeem Rawalpindi Turkey Urdu Al Saʿud ʿAbd al ʿAziz b ʿAbd al Rahman Anjuman i Tahaffuz i Maʾasir i Mutabarrakah Fatima daughter of Muhammad hajj Hejaz Hejaz Conference Jannat al Baqiʿ cemetery majalis Medina Najd Pan Islam Persian Sayyid Muhammad Miran...

... of taste for scholarship, and objective reviews of Urdu publications. Its editor was Abul Kalam Azad, who was only 15 years old at the time. Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Qidwah, a barren place in the holy city of Mecca. His lineage can be traced to three distinguished families of India and Hejaz...

...This chapter connects the “beginning” and “ending” of the neighborhood of Wadi Salib. In the early twentieth century, the construction of the Hejaz railway and the railway station at Haifa’s eastern entrance constituted the first act of recognition of the city’s economic potential, stemming from...

...This chapter focuses on the Hejaz Railway. The Hejaz Railway is a unique archaeological and anthropological object, created for different reasons by various financial means from across the Muslim world—from faith-based donations and taxation, to the selling of archaeological heritage, and from...

...This chapter addresses how the First World War revitalised the Hejaz Railway, but not always as the new Turkish government, their German allies, or the British could have foreseen. No one could have predicted the role the faithful railroad would play in the coming conflict, its momentous...

... tent-rings for their brief re-occupations. Despite its vulnerable location during the construction era and the Arab Revolt, the only clearly defensive feature was the Batn al-Ghoul Loop Trench. Despite this, the loop trench is an example in miniature of Turkish efforts to protect the Hejaz Railway from...

... photographs, and the publisher will be pleased to rectify any omissions at the earliest opportunity. Maps xix e Ottoman Empire in xx e Hejaz Railway and its main stations in xxi e Hejaz Railway stations in the GARP study area, from Ma an xxii to Mudawwara e main archaeological sites in the GARP study area, Ma...

... on the fort. It is clear, though, that Muhammad 'Ali recognized the importance of Quseir, at a time when Egyptian influence over the Hejaz and the Holy Cities was still a major element of foreign policy. It is reasonable to assume that a garrison was restored to the fort during this period and possibly beyond...

...This chapter describes the arrival of the Great Arab Revolt Project (GARP) archaeologists at the derelict Hejaz Railway—GARP’s main study area—which snakes across the deserts and wadis of southern Jordan, from the medieval town of Ma’an to the Bedouin settlement of Mudawwara near the border...

... defences of the construction era. Arabia Baghdad Hajj pilgrimage Iraq invasion and occupation by Coalition Forces Jebel Sherra Ma’an Hejaz Railway Station Station Meissner Heinrich August ‘Missing The’ Ottoman army soldiers troops wells Arab Revolt begins ‘Hill of the Birds’ Ma’an Station...

.... It is probable that this change in trade and pilgrimage routes was actively encouraged by the Cairo authorities. The foundation of the Ottoman fort at Quseir is the result of one of these brief flurries of political concern with Red Sea affairs and specifically the supply of the Holy Cities and the Hejaz. Ababda...

.... The key to deciphering its archaeological message lay in understanding the landscape, its layers and its objects—a quest which began with the largest artefact of all, the Hejaz Railway. Arab Bureau Arabia Ashmolean Museum Oxford Hogarth David Makins’ Fort Royal Geographical Society Battlefield...

...-component site belongs to the Arab Revolt. aerial sketch maps by RFC RAF pilots armoured cars Dawnay Alan Hejaz Railway Hogarth David Junor Lt H R Km 530 machine gun positions Martinsyde biplanes Maunsell Lt Col Frederick R Ras an Naqb escarpment Rolls Royce Siddons Lt Victor Donald Wadi Rutm...

... of the origins of modern mobile guerrilla warfare which shaped so many military actions across the twentieth century, and into the present. However, guerrilla warfare against the Hejaz Railway achieved arguably its most spectacular success not against a station but in what would later be regarded as a classic...

...This concluding chapter provides a summary of the discoveries of the Great Arab Revolt Project (GARP) from the conflict landscape of the Hejaz Railway. A decade in the desert revealed the anthropological archaeology of the Arab Revolt of 1916–18 to be more than the excavation of historically recent...

... argued for the Soviet state to invest in contacts with the Hejaz and to reprise pre-Soviet outreach to Mecca and involvement in the hajj. Karakhan saw the Arab states as “vulnerable sites of European imperialism,” and thus, the chapter suggests, as crucial to the global socialist revolution the Soviets...