...) abolished regional development agencies and replaced them with 38 Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs). This signalled a move to sub-national economic development and a policy of localism that marked a shift from away from centralised government whereby LEPs adopted the geography of local communities...

... to the risks of non-compliance, by centralising and professionalising their organisation. However, the intensity of these responses is moderated by party characteristics, including levels of institutionalisation, party family type and incumbency status. The research thus highlights the intended and unintended...

..., please e-mail: [email protected] 2017 Abstract Whether there has been a centralisation of power towards the first minister and her entourage of courtiers during the 20th century is a contentious issue among scholars of parliamentary systems. A principle reason for the endurance...

... of ownership of existing physical capital among the member countries of the monetary union, i.e. the ‘rates of capital centralisation’. The paper also shows the nexus between solvency and government debt sustainability, and examines the implications of deflationary or currency devaluation policies...

... in Scotland. It considers two key dimensions: the dual and simultaneous processes of centralisation and localism within governance frameworks; and the contested concepts of citizenship and responsibility for governing ASB, mediated by the interface between formal and informal mechanisms of social control...

...This chapter takes a long view of the British state and its geographical division of powers. Stretching over 500 years the chapter looks at the history of local government and its origins in the parish. It then focuses on the gradual centralisation and standardisation that took place from the early...

... (Islamisation) or Christianity (Christianisation) on their subjects, the Khazarian khağans adopted (but didn’t impose) Judaism (Judaisation). Each of these processes can be deemed "monotheisation." It also analyses sedentarisation alongside monotheisation (here, Judaisation), and the centralisation of dynastic...

... National Party Nationalism Anti-bureaucracy Centralisation Europe Common Market EEC Local Government If the 1960s witnessed the entry of the SNP into the Scottish political mainstream after more than three decades on the fringes, then it was in the early 1970s that the potential threat...

..., and ends new thinking. The chapter ends with a review of arms-length bodies, their role and that of Ofsted accountability centralisation Davis Aeron funding allocations Her Majesty’s Treasury national policy making policy making academisation Department for Education DfE Gove Michael multi...

... to adopt a different strategy: to protect the ‘hard shell’ of the member state, which also meant protecting the Länder. Meanwhile, opposition parties sought to counter the CSU's strategy by arguing that a regionalised Europe should mean strengthening the local level against Bavarian state centralisation...

... of Indian constitutionalism. It then considers some of the tensions that have characterised constitutional law in India, with particular emphasis on some of the sources of these tensions, for instance the debate between centralisation and decentralisation. It also discusses the major axes around which...

... of conventional accounts of central and local power, arguing that centralisation was not experienced by the localities as an external force; it occurred in the localities. First, the chapter explains what the enforcement or implementation of law actually meant. It then discusses what is meant by ‘executive powers...

... of governmental processes. A new framework is offered for understanding the concept of ‘centre and localities’: centralisation happened in the localities. Various interest groups participated in government and influenced its decisions. The nobility, in particular, exercised influence at every level...

... this chapter explores the longstanding tension in policy debates between the need for RECs to remain autonomous local forms of professional self-regulation and the desire on the part of government for centralisation of decisions to reduce the regulatory burden on specific applicants (e.g. pharmaceutical...

... Giovanni Baù Alessandro De Grazia Victoria Fabbri Luigi Petersen Jens Bottai Giuseppe Baldassini Cristina Suzzi Valli Roberta De Vecchi Cesare Maria intransigents Matteotti Farinacci Augusto Turati dictatorship provincial fascist movement fascist party centralisation Whatever else we may...

... of Buckingham duke of Gloucester Fleta Ordainers political structure political culture England cohesion accountability centralisation quantity quality The starting point for this study was the desire to restore the private petition to its rightful place in our considerations of the late medieval...

...Spatial integration was a prerequisite for both economic growth and political centralisation and its practicability depended on the state of transport and communications. Just as with production, transport and communications technology depended primarily on muscle power and wood, with the important...

... techniques? By using the framework of Miles and Snow (1978/2003) one main conclusion is that the capacity challenges are met by a Defender approach and bureaucratic control through more formalised planning and centralisation. This can be interpreted as the cities holding on to the old way of administrative...

... Arpinati Leandro Giuriati Giovanni Lantini Ferruccio Ricci Renato Turati Augusto Gagliardi Alessio Lyttelton Adrian Salvati Mariuccia Musiedlak Didier fascist party Italian State podestà segretario federale prefect centralisation conflict of authority poor personnel fascist regime While...