... to do. The book argues that the myriad questions raised by the factual and normative features of law actually depend on the possibility of reduction—whether the legal domain can be explained in terms of something else, more foundational in nature. In addition to exploring the major issues...

... of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), namely the protection of investors, ensuring that markets are fair, efficient, and transparent, and the reduction of systemic risk. The chapter is divided into five sections. In the first, some preliminary comments are presented. In the next three sections, the manner in which...

... of California, tariff reduction, and passage of a measure requiring the government to keep its funds in its own vaults instead of in state and private banks. Polk accomplished all this and more in a single four-year term. Despite his accomplishments, Polk lacked foresight. This was particularly evident in his...

...This chapter begins with some preliminary methodological remarks—about the aim and value of reduction in philosophical analysis, about thinking of the evaluation of philosophical theses in terms of costs and benefits, and about the contrast between realistic and anti-realistic accounts...

...This chapter examines the relations between different levels of causation, the scope and limits of reduction, the concept of emergence and its connection to causal reductionism, and the intriguing possibility of lawless events in a deterministic world. It first reviews some notable developments...

... mathematician Alan Turing. This chapter discusses viruses as replicating machines, viruses as phases of matter, evolving genome reduction, the space of replicators, adaptation at high-mutation rates, viral quasispecies, and critical genome size. hardware information Maynard Smith J software Turing Alan M...

... n = 2. First, the chapter reduces the system near an n-resonance to a normal form. After that, it performs a coordinate change on the extended phase space, and an energy reduction to reveal the slow system. The chapter then describes a resonant normal form, before...

... into the organizational plans for seismic risk reduction. This integration of social/organizational planning with the advances of technical communications infrastructure produced a powerful vehicle for expanding communication and information exchange that creates a new pattern of building community resilience to disaster...

... A Javier Mavrotas George Pallage Stéphane Robe Michael A Walliser Jan Aizenman Joshua network effects public capital poverty reduction low-growth equilibrium economic growth infrastructure poverty trap Means of communication were not constructed in the colonial period… to facilitate internal...

... reduction, and decomposition of dead organic biomass, which was likely aided by a host of different fermenting bacteria. It seems likely, though, that this early biosphere was much less active than what we enjoy at present. Alvin submersible Jørgensen Bo Barker ocean bacteria Beggiatoa East Pacific...

.... It shows that a substantial part of these debates centers on the question of the possibility of reduction. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented. norms normativity obligation reasons for action judges courts legal powers legal validity rights jurisdiction social facts Augustine...

... reductions, free expansions, and applications of defining relators that carries it to the empty word is equivalent to solving the puzzle where, starting from some vertex υ, one reads w around the initial circle of rods. The chapter also explains how the Dehn function...

.... It then describes the data sets used in this chapter, and introduces perhaps the most important and widely used dimensionality reduction technique, principal component analysis (PCA). The remainder of the chapter discusses several alternative techniques which address some of the weaknesses of PCA. curse...

... produced organic matter is buried and preserved in sediments. Another oxygen source is an anaerobic microbial process called sulfate reduction that respires organic matter using sulfate and produces sulfide. This process is quite common in nature but are most prominent in relatively isolated basins like...

... it is developing around the themes of susceptibility, prediction, and precaution that have come to infuse many aspects of criminal justice systems as they have come to focus on questions of risk—risk assessment, risk management, and risk reduction. antisocial behavior Cameron J Duncan G J environment Fox N...

..., which can enable low-income economies to set forth on a dynamic path of structural change and lead to poverty reduction and prosperity. barbershops beauty salons corruption Diepsloot South Africa entrepreneurs Hollywood police poverty prosperity protection public land randomness South Africa...

... of sustained economic growth with the “appropriate” amount of physical or human capital. Economic take-off and poverty reduction processes have now occurred in countries with widely different cultural backgrounds and political and administrative itineraries. This has led to another line of “prerequisites...

...This chapter talks about the elements for success that may sound abstract, but actually provide a framework for achieving sustained growth, employment creation, and poverty reduction in poor business environments. It explains how the elements are applied to real policy situations and offers a road...

... international organizations had to conduct a high degree of coordination, standard-setting, and information exchange in order to globalize capitalism. But that work fostered tensions, especially with regard to tariffs. Tariff reduction was key to the postwar trade agenda. Here, NAM was, as usual, divided...