...This chapter describes the timing and motivations of the USSR's promotion of atheist doctrine. At the outset, it seems, the Soviets expected Orthodoxy to wither away, invalidated by rational argument and the regime's own record of socialist achievement. This did not happen, but Soviet officialdom...

... blessing. The secular state did not set itself up in opposition to faith but catered to believers, enhancing its own power by giving satisfaction to the repressive impulses of religious orthodoxy. belief Christianity Hume David Islam James William nationalism will human and divine Abu Zayd Nasir...

.... Cawkwell, George L.   1989 . “ Orthodoxy and Hoplites. ” Classical Quarterly n.s. 39:375–89. Dayton, John C.   2006 . The Athletes of War: An Evaluation of the Agonistic Elements in Greek Warfare . Toronto: Edgar Kent. Delbrück, Hans . 1887...

...This chapter traces the ongoing debates about Sufism in relation to changing notions of orthodoxy, focusing on the new Salafi movement of Muhammad ʻAbduh and Muhammad Rashid Rida. As a part of their platform to reorder Muslim society, this movement called upon Muslims to break with the older...

... leadership and identity and its position vis-à-vis the state. On the local level, the thirteenth century was witness to an intense debate over the limits of ʻAlawi orthodoxy, a debate that helped give the doctrine its final form and established the ʻulama as the community's uncontested...

... that are in the midst of a moral struggle as to which authorities they owed their allegiance: their own religious orthodoxy or their clients' individual autonomy. The chapter explains how most therapeutic professionals rejected the common rabbinic explanation in circulation for the contemporary crisis of faith...

...This introductory chapter discusses how interpretations of Byzantium have been and still are heavily influenced by later cultural and national agendas. Religion is a central issue in relation to Byzantium. Few historians of the west feel confident when faced with the subject of Byzantine Orthodoxy...

... of Orthodoxy. The chapter then looks at the role played by Orthodoxy in Byzantium. It also studies Byzantine literature. Byzantium Constantine I Emperor of Rome Constantinople Epirus Fourth Crusade Michael VIII Palaeologus Emperor Nicaea Orthodoxy Ottoman Empire Palaeologan period Roman Catholicism...

...This chapter discusses Coptic seals, material and conceptual, exploring how Coptic claims for recognition in Egypt today cohere with orthodox cosmologies that vest belonging within Coptic Orthodoxy through patrilineal descent. The chapter explains Copts' seemingly counterintuitive pursuit...

... status of converts and reconverts to Coptic Orthodoxy. The chapter then considers how the order of revelation as enshrined in Egyptian national institutions is the prevailing framework for social organization. civil administration religious affiliation Majlis al Dawla administrative judiciary ʿāʾidūn...

..., these attorneys vest their faith in two member-based organizations: the Coptic Church and the Egyptian republic. At the core of their devotional practices are two commitments: that membership within Coptic Orthodoxy and the Egyptian nation follows from patrilineal descent, and that both the Church...

.... The result is a demonstration of the deep mutual influence between the sister religions, one that calls into question hard and fast distinctions between orthodoxy and heresy, and even Judaism and Christianity, during the first centuries CE....

... misconceptions about Byzantium, suggests why it is so important to integrate the civilization into wider histories, and lays out why Byzantium should be central to ongoing debates about the relationships between West and East, Christianity and Islam, Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, and the ancient...

... minority religious communities state recognition Baháʼí Orthodoxy Coptic Orthodoxy religious difference Egyptian administrative law religious minority groups devotional activity hasan zengin, an Alevi citizen of Turkey, sought in 2001 to exempt his seventh-grade daughter, Eylem, from...

...This chapter takes a more detailed look into the hoplite debate. It shows how modern historians of ancient Greece have come to develop a grand narrative. This “orthodoxy” explains the rise of the early polis in terms of a dramatic change or “revolution” in arms, armor, and tactics; the military...

...This chapter contests the idea that any argument put forth in recent years is reason to push down the traditional date for the origin of the polis or to reject the hoplite orthodoxy. It states the basic elements of the theory that have their beginnings in Aristotle's Politics...

... suggests that the success of the orthodoxy is due to the fact that it best reflects the evidence for phalanx fighting and the larger social, economic, and political role of the hoplite. It responds to the recent attacks on the view that hoplites formed a distinct middle class, the claims that hoplites...

... in relation to the modern Greek state. The idea of Constantinople/Istanbul as the capital of a modern Greek state may seem counterintuitive today. The “great idea” also conflates two conceptions of Byzantium: as the seat of Orthodoxy and as an imperial power. Yet Byzantium still occupies a privileged place...

...This chapter examines whether Byzantium was an “Orthodox society.” Orthodoxy in Byzantium was always vaunted but also always contested. The constant performance of Orthodoxy took many forms: they included imperial ceremonial, liturgical repetition and display, visual representation, public debates...

...This chapter details how, in the course of the twentieth century, the position of the Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches weakened markedly—and apparently irreversibly—in some of their historic strongholds, such as Egypt and Palestine, while in most of eastern Europe, Orthodoxy came under...