.... A new Saudi-led association of polities was to replace a sharifian confederation. For the early Saudi government, the legal sovereignty of the Kingdom of the Hijaz was crucial—for Islam, for international relations, and for economic contracts. The Hijaz's incorporation in 1932 into the Arab Saudi...

...This chapter discusses the contemporary processes of urban governance in the Fairmount Corridor: Who governs, and how did they get a seat at the table? It looks at each of the players in the community development field, from government agencies to consultants and foundations. Taking a top-down view...

... Jewish law applied to the estate was their only hope and set out to prove that Nissim had died a Tunisian. Before long, both sides recognized the importance of Jewish law to the case, and rabbinic authorities across the Mediterranean became involved. Meanwhile, Tunisian government officials put intense...

...This chapter raises the broader question of the relation between incentives and democratic politics. The use of incentives as a tool of government policy appears to increase our choices and protect a space of freedom. This seems to be better than government regulations that foreclose options...

... in Italy during the “Jacobin years” (1796–1799), when, in the shadow of French armies, republican governments were formed. Bocalosi Girolamo Catholicism Christianity citizenship civil religion Contrat Social Du Rousseau Florence France Jacobins Machiavelli Niccolò morals reform religion...

...This chapter examines the relationship between ruler and ruled that Confucians advocated for the new territorial states. It argues against two common interpretations of this relationship: the virtue-centered view that presents Confucian government as aiming at the inculcation of virtue...

... fabric of the most perfect government.” The chapter also explores how Hume's approach to coordination avowedly requires seeking out innovative sources of common interest that might not at first appear. common interests interests liberalism of enlargement coordination Goodin Robert E modernity...

... and voting Democratic, and white southerners who opposed civil rights and the inclusion of blacks in the governmental programs. Cognizant of this tenuous coalition, Roosevelt and most Democrats avoided taking a position or advocating for civil rights legislation. For example, the NAACP advocated...

... research and development centers. Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratories. Figure 6.6. Trends in Federal Research by Discipline, 1970–2016 (obligations in billions of constant FY 2016 dollars). Source: AAAS 2016 ; NSF 2016a . *FY 2015 and 2016 data are preliminary...

... the positive–negative distinction. It defines positive rights as those that require government intervention in order to protect people from threats that are not directly or solely governmental. In contrast, negative rights are those that require government to restrain itself in order to protect people from...

... year. An important but subtle limitation arose from the rhythm of the authorization and appropriations process itself. In recent Congresses, lawmakers have failed to adhere to this timetable and have resorted to a variety of gimmicks to fund governmental activities. Armed Services, however, has...

... markets and free men over totalitarian government and intrusive planning. As we reexamine the virtues of free markets and private enterprise, we must not forget the role of the “state”—the importance of governmental capacity—in creating the conditions for victory in the Cold War. In the “West,” broadly...

... (1977). The accompanying governmental change is examined in Skowronek, Building a New American State (1983) . Trade associations arose in the late nineteenth century to help their members deal with the chaotic effects of unregulated capitalism and uncoordinated growth. ³...

...This chapter examines the Ottoman political discourse from its origins in the early fifteenth century to the third quarter of the sixteenth century. Views on the caliphate were expressed through a diversified corpus of works on government and rulership across various genres and disciplines...

...This introductory chapter discusses the shift from politicized confrontations like the imbroglio of 1900 to legalized disputes like the more orderly affair of 2007. It advances four basic findings. First, American government intervention on behalf of U.S. foreign investors was astoundingly...

...This prologue provides an overview of state debts and sovereign default in the sixteenth century, looking in particular at Philip II's defaults. The debts and defaults of Philip II suggest that there is another way for financing government borrowing: prearranged reduction in what a government owes...

...This chapter shows how the GMD regime proved incapable of coping with increasing urban disorder in both Shanghai and Beijing. With refugees from battleground areas in the countryside continuously fleeing to the cities, the municipal governments tried to use relief agencies to serve both charitable...

... was possible in the society to which Guizot often referred as “the new France”? Guizot was a proponent of elitist government and Tocqueville of subdued popular sovereignty. It is interesting to see how Tocqueville presented himself in the foreword to The Ancien Régime. What we...

... and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 62. 6 See V. N. Dadrian , “The Convergant Roles of the State and a Governmental Party in the Armenian Genocide,” in Studies in Comparative Genocide, ed. Levon Chorbajian and George Shirinian (London: Macmillan; New York: St...

... of resettlement, the distribution of land or habitations to Armenians at their new areas of resettlement, or the delivering of compensation to said Armenians for the property they were forced to leave behind. But as will be shown below regarding the various governmental actions taken in order to facilitate...