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Herodotus Herodotus
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No: Herodotus 1.39.2 No: Herodotus 1.39.2
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Yes: Herodotus 3.80.5 Yes: Herodotus 3.80.5
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No: Herodotus 9.60 No: Herodotus 9.60
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No: Herodotus 5.20 No: Herodotus 5.20
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Quotation: Herodotus 9.48.4 Quotation: Herodotus 9.48.4
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Quotation: Herodotus 7.210.2 Quotation: Herodotus 7.210.2
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Well and Good: Herodotus 1.13 Well and Good: Herodotus 1.13
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Well and Good: Herodotus 8.62.1 Well and Good: Herodotus 8.62.1
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Thucydides Thucydides
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Well and Good: Thucydides 3.3 Well and Good: Thucydides 3.3
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Quotation: Thucydides 6.17.1 Quotation: Thucydides 6.17.1
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Quotation: Thucydides 5.16.1 Quotation: Thucydides 5.16.1
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Thucydides and Humor Thucydides and Humor
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Humor: Thucydides 1.33.1 Humor: Thucydides 1.33.1
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Humor: Thucydides 4.28.5 Humor: Thucydides 4.28.5
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Humor: Thucydides 5.11.1 Humor: Thucydides 5.11.1
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Humor: Thucydides 8.73.2 Humor: Thucydides 8.73.2
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Xenophon Xenophon
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Xenophon Hellenika 1.1 Xenophon Hellenika 1.1
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Gesture for Apodosis Gesture for Apodosis
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Speak Up: Xenophon Anabasis 7.7.15 Speak Up: Xenophon Anabasis 7.7.15
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Well and Good: Xenophon Memorabilia 3.1.9 Well and Good: Xenophon Memorabilia 3.1.9
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Absit Omen: Xenophon Cyropaideia 2.3.2 Absit Omen: Xenophon Cyropaideia 2.3.2
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Well and Good … Too Bad: Xenophon Cyropaideia 4.10.5 Well and Good … Too Bad: Xenophon Cyropaideia 4.10.5
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Well and Good: Xenophon Cyropaideia 7.5.54 Well and Good: Xenophon Cyropaideia 7.5.54
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The End: Xenophon Cyropaideia 8.7.24 The End: Xenophon Cyropaideia 8.7.24
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Well and Good: Xenophon Memorabilia 3.9.11 Well and Good: Xenophon Memorabilia 3.9.11
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Summary Summary
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter describes three major historians: Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. All three historians present people talking, both formally and informally, and so it is to be expected that the ellipses of spoken Greek might appear from time to time in their writing. And, given what we know about reading in Athens in the late fifth and early fourth centuries, and what we know about the transmission of learning, namely that it was mostly oral, we can imagine a reader gesticulating appropriately when the ellipses appear. Herodotus and Xenophon do have their characters express themselves in elliptical sentences, and the kind of ellipsis they use suggests that they expected readers to read the text out loud and to perform as they did so. If Thucydides does not, he nevertheless says that his work is directed to a listening audience. Examples drawn from his history illustrate how gestures could change or enlarge meaning rather than how they can be equivalent to whole clauses.
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