
Contents
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9.1. When History Meets Politics 9.1. When History Meets Politics
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9.2. Struggles for Centralization in Africa 9.2. Struggles for Centralization in Africa
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9.2.1 Pre-Colonial Era 9.2.1 Pre-Colonial Era
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9.2.2 Colonial Era 9.2.2 Colonial Era
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9.2.3 Post-Colonial Era 9.2.3 Post-Colonial Era
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9.3. Despotic and Infrastructurally Weak States in Latin America 9.3. Despotic and Infrastructurally Weak States in Latin America
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9.3.1 Bowtie Network under Colonial Rule 9.3.1 Bowtie Network under Colonial Rule
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9.3.2 Divergent Paths in the Post-Colonial Era 9.3.2 Divergent Paths in the Post-Colonial Era
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9.4. Tribe and State in the Middle East 9.4. Tribe and State in the Middle East
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9.4.1 Maintaining a Bowtie Network during the Classical Period 9.4.1 Maintaining a Bowtie Network during the Classical Period
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9.4.2 Divide and Conquer under the Ottoman Empire 9.4.2 Divide and Conquer under the Ottoman Empire
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9.4.3 Varieties of Post-Colonial States 9.4.3 Varieties of Post-Colonial States
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9.5. Let History Rhyme 9.5. Let History Rhyme
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter discusses the broader implications of the findings for our understanding of the developing world. It takes a tour of the developing world in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East and shows how the three ideal types of elite social terrains (star, bowtie, and ring) help us understand state-building experiences in other regions of the world. The chapter emphasizes how the author's China-based theory resonates with state-building experiences observed in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, and generates an important lesson: state weakness is a social problem that cannot be resolved with a bureaucratic solution. Ultimately, the chapter studies how imperial legacies have created key challenges in China's modern state building as well as aspects of Chinese historical state development that can help us understand state building today.
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