Volume 25, Issue 5, May 2020

HIV treatment is complex and has changed since the early years of the epidemic, especially as relates to treatment options for patients with cancer. This article focuses on disparities in cancer treatment care for people living with HIV.

Despite ample evidence of benefit, adoption of lung cancer screening efforts remains low. This commentary focuses on current efforts to improve awareness of the benefits of lung cancer screening and the available screening programs.

The analysis of real‐world evidence to answer clinical and policy‐relevant questions in the field of oncology has gained increased interest in recent years. This article highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the use of real‐world evidence in cancer care.

Immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment but is associated with dermatologic adverse events. This brief report highlights hypertrophic lichen planus with histological features diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy, featuring two successfully treated patients.

Hyperprogressive disease, an unexpected acceleration of cancer evolution after starting immunotherapy, has been reported with PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade treatment. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who developed a rapid tumor growth after anti‐PD‐L1 combination treatment.

Autoantibody analysis may provide insight into the mechanism, nature, and timing of immune‐related adverse events. This case report describes a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced late‐onset Raynaud's‐like phenomenon in a patient receiving combination immunotherapy.

This case report is the first to show the clinical benefits of olaparib treatment in a patient with gallbladder carcinoma harboring an ATM‐inactivating mutation.

The focus of this article is on the role of patient‐reported outcomes in advancing toward value‐based breast cancer care in the context of locoregional therapy, with attention to the work of the International Consortium of Health Outcome Measures, which defines a standard set of value‐based patient‐centered outcomes for breast cancer for international use.

This review summarizes the effect of various breast cancer therapies and related patient factors on the incidence of treatment‐induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia.

The BodyTom CT is the first mobile screening unit in the U.S., designed to improve access to lung cancer screening for underserved patient groups. This article reports results of the initial pilot study using this first‐of‐its‐kind mobile low‐dose whole body CT screening unit. Twelve cases of lung cancer were found in 550 smokers (including 6 early stage).

To avoid overtreatment of thyroid nodules, it is important to accurately distinguish benign from malignant nodules. An important diagnostic tool is ultrasonography. This article compares the performance of the two most popular ultrasound malignancy risk stratification systems.

This article reports on the efficacy and safety of TLC388 in a second‐line setting for patients with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas.

With advancements in neuroimaging, transsphenoidal resection approaches, and stereotactic radiosurgery, the landscape for the diagnosis and management of pituitary metastasis has evolved over the past decade. This article reports the largest study of pituitary metastasis diagnosed and treated at a single institution, retrospectively assessing the clinical features and the effect of various treatment approaches on survival outcomes.

This article explores the molecular makeup of left‐sided and right‐sided colorectal cancers in populations aged 40 years.

In this report, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) through next‐generation sequencing from patients with a diagnosis of appendiceal cancer across various histological subtypes was evaluated. The aim was to confirm the feasibility of next‐generation sequencing using ctDNA in low‐grade mucinous appendiceal cancer and to characterize common alterations in the genomic profile, with the goal of identifying molecular alterations leading to the identification of potential actionable targets and combinations.

Despite advances in the treatment of rectal cancer, the risk of distant metastases and poor quality of life remain a challenge. Trial E5204 was designed to test whether the addition of bevacizumab to mFOLFOX6, following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and definitive surgery, could improve overall survival in patients with stage II/III adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

Treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains challenging because of its advanced presentation and resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This article reports results of a clinical trial of CTLA‐4 blockade with ipilimumab in combination with gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, including maximum tolerated doses for the combination, safety data, and the antitumor activity observed in this trial.

This article reports real‐world data on patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first‐line sunitinib to provide benchmarks on clinical outcomes by IMDC prognostic risk group.

This article reports the details of radiation therapy in the therapeutic multimodality approach for treatment of patients with intestinal lymphoma.

This descriptive study summarizes the experiences during the first 6 years of the Pulmonary Nodule and Lung Cancer Screening Clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital and describes the effect of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach on patient care.

Alternative treatment strategies are needed to improve prognosis for patients with small‐cell lung cancer. This article evaluates the feasibility of single‐agent apatinib as a treatment option for patients with extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer.

Real world patient data on efficacy, side‐effects, and clinical predictors of outcomes are lacking for immune checkpoint inhibitors. This multicenter population‐based study investigated the incidence of immune‐related adverse events and how the adverse events related to patient outcomes.

A better understanding of clinical outcomes of patients with biliary tract cancer who develop brain metastases. This article expands on the existing literature by describing outcomes for patients who developed brain metastases from biliary tract cancer within the context of the genomic era.

Malnutrition impairs clinical outcome in patients with advanced cancer. This study compared parenteral nutrition with oral feeding for malnourished patients with advanced cancer and functional gastrointestinal tract.

Women with a history of breast cancer are at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease. This article reports on the relationship between anthracycline chemotherapy and peak oxygen consumption in breast cancer survivors.

Pneumonia is a complication in patients admitted to oncology wards, but data on incidence, etiology, and prognosis is lacking. This articles reports on characteristics of nonventilator‐associated pneumonia in hospitalized patients with solid tumors.

Anlotinib, a novel multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has a broad spectrum of inhibitory action on tumor angiogenesis. This article reports results of a phase III trial that explored whether anlotinib is effective for intracranial lesions in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer and evaluated the effect of anlotinib in managing brain metastases and its brain‐associated toxicities.

This letter to the editor presents possible limitations of the study reported by Bilen et al., which might have affected the reported results.

Bilen et al. respond to the letter by Köstek and Demir, agreeing that a deeper understanding of new biomarkers to evaluate immunotherapy outcome is necessary.