Extract

Introduction

Renal biopsy of the transplanted kidney is an essential diagnostic tool of acute and chronic rejection as well as recurrent and de novo nephropathies in renal allograft recipients [1]. The application of molecular biology techniques to renal tissue samples obtained by this procedure may also contribute to increasing the understanding of the pathophysiology of the kidney [2]. In comparison with the classical manual Tru-Cuth technique, the introduction of percutaneous renal biopsy with sonographic assistance using thin automatic biopsy needle has significantly reduced complications related to kidney puncture [3]. Thus, renal bleeding or arteriovenous fistulas are seldom encountered after this procedure [4]. This fact allows protocol biopsy studies to be conducted in renal transplant recipients that provide useful information in order accurately to predict graft outcome [5]. Although this procedure is usually safe [4], in some instances it can be associated with complications. We report a case of acute renal failure in a renal allograft recipient caused by a post-biopsy renal arteriovenous fistula superimposed on pre-existing renal artery stenosis.

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