... just forms of knowledge? What are the challenges to solidarity and cooperation due to geographical imbalances of power? The resulting analysis returns to the overall notion of geographic production, while also indicating a further layer of reflexivity for critical theory: the practice of material...

...Issues of regulation and control are central to the study of biological and biochemical systems. Thus it is not surprising that the tools of feedback control theory—engineering techniques developed to design and analyze self-regulating systems—have proven useful in the study of these biological...

... advantage specific to such a social environment, but may be occasionally maladaptive in modern societies. He reviews social, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental psychology that supports this claim, before considering the implications of flexible social cognition for economics, legal theories...

... from phonetic representations. The chapter describes the metrically relevant properties of the line in the context of the prosodic theory of William Idsardi and shows that this innovation offers important insights into all kinds of metrical phenomena in poetry. It focuses on elision, ancipitia...

... and proposes a formal account of its metrical organization. The chapter also discusses the place of function words in the verse and describes the interactions among metrical properties that characterize the metrical form using Optimality Theory. Serbian OldŠtokavian Neo Štokavian Meter metrical constituents...

...The principles of metrics are static constraints rather than derivational rules, an idea supported by Paul Kiparsky. Optimality Theory (OT), an important approach to constraint-based grammars, finds it difficult to accommodate metrics due to issues related to metricality and complexity, “marked...

...Phonological processes are generally opaque, a well-known problem for two-level, nonderivational theories such as standard Optimality Theory (OT). A variety of solutions have been proposed to address this problem, including one by John McCarthy (1999a), who provided the first comprehensive attempt...

...Languages commonly handle coordination of unlike conjuncts via one of two strategies: “Resolution” or “partial agreement.” This chapter examines gender resolution and considers the recognition of a default or “elsewhere” gender, together with a theory relating grammatical to semantic gender...

.... For example, recent research underscores the importance of an infant's ability to follow the intentions of language speakers in order to learn the meaning of words. The ability to achieve joint attention is typically taken to be thanks to a theory of mind in which the child infers intentions or reads minds...

...This chapter looks at some nonmaterialist or idealist approaches to the theory of mind, focusing on the views of Rene Descartes and George Berkeley. It discusses the existence of certain sorts of mental phenomena in relation to the existence of nonmental phenomena, and considers whether the theory...

...This chapter examines how the analysis of resumptive pronouns affects syntactic theory, with an emphasis on superiority, reconstruction, and islands in Lebanese Arabic multiple-wh constructions in relation to the minimalist program. It argues that the quantified noun phrase subject...

...This chapter makes a bold argument: Keynes got his facts and his entire economic theory wrong. Despite this, however, he asked the right questions and got his guess about the future right. Had Keynes paid attention to logical consistency and presented facts to convince his audience of his arguments...

... have to be acknowledged anyway. Mysteries of nature might well be a result of contingent human theoretical limitations, not incoherencies in nature itself or symptoms of error in the underlying theory. Nativism Birth moment of Conception fertilization moment of Knowledge Blank slate blank tablet...

... Reason Plato The Republic (Plato) Platonic forms property environmental political theory nature and politics Thomas More Utopia (More) agriculture Whether we are compelled or repelled by Plato’s arguments for the ideal city-state and just rulership, his dialogues have driven a significant...

... Decentralization Humanism Machiavelli Niccolò Seijo Francisco Discourses on Livy Machiavelli Fortune Green politics Liberty Prince Machiavelli Strauss Leo Hobbes Thomas Self interest Sustainability Equilibrium Nature Chaos theory Clements Frederic Lorenz Edward Mill John Stuart Nature Mill...

...Joseph H. Lane Jr. argues that although the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau individually articulate themes that recur in subsequent environmentalist thought, only through recognizing the interdependence between Rousseau’s works can we ascertain his most important contributions to green theory...

... Equilibrium Lane Joseph H Jr Miller Dale Stationary state economy Agriculture Parham John Collectives and collectivity Decentralization Winch Donald Scarcity Capaldi Nicholas Preservation John Stuart Mill “Nature”(Mill) Principles of Political Economy (Mill) environmental political theory...

... Sinnott Armstrong Walter Individualism Parfit Derek Niemöller Martin Martin Heidegger Being and Time (Heidegger) “The Question Concerning Technology” (Heidegger) environmental political theory Dasein climate change micropolitics Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Virtually alone among major twentieth...

...The chapter presents Ragnar Frisch and Trygve Haavelmo’s vision of a science of economics, explicates in simple terms the meaning of a formal theory-data confrontation, and describes and resolves an interesting riddle in applied econometrics. Frisch and Haavelmo’s idea of a unified theoretical...

...Chapter VIII presents a novel mathematical theory of non-linear cointegration among second-order random processes. It begins by explaining why the accepted characterization of integrated second-order processes is inadequate for the analysis of non-linearly cointegrated economic systems, proposes...