Effortless Attention: A New Perspective in the Cognitive Science of Attention and Action
Effortless Attention: A New Perspective in the Cognitive Science of Attention and Action
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Abstract
This book explores the cognitive science of effortless attention and action. Attention and action are generally understood to require effort, and it is expected that under normal circumstances, effort increases to meet rising demand. Sometimes, however, attention and action seem to flow effortlessly despite high demand. Effortless attention and action have been documented across a range of normal activities—ranging from rock climbing to chess playing—and yet fundamental questions about effortlessness have gone largely unasked. This book draws from the field of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology, behavioral psychology, genetics, philosophy, and cross-cultural studies to address those questions. Starting from the premise that the phenomena of effortless attention and action provide an opportunity to test current models of attention and action, researchers—including effort as a cognitive resource—clarify topics such as the role of effort in decision-making, the neurophysiology of effortless attention and action, the role of automaticity in effortless action, expert performance in effortless action, and the neurophysiology and benefits of attentional training.
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Front Matter
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Introduction: Toward a Theory of Attention That Includes Effortless Attention and Action
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1
Effortful Attention Control
Brandon J. Schmeichel andRoy F. Baumeister
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2
The Benefits and Perils of Attentional Control
Marci S. DeCaro andSian L. Beilock
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3
Effortless Motor Learning?: An External Focus of Attention Enhances Movement Effectiveness and Efficiency
Gabriele Wulf andRebecca Lewthwaite
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4
The Impact of Anticipated Cognitive Demand on Attention and Behavioral Choice
Joseph T. McGuire andMatthew M. Botvinick
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5
Grounding Attention in Action Control: The Intentional Control of Selection
Bernhard Hommel
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6
Implicit versus Deliberate Control and Its Implications for Awareness
Chris Blais
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7
Effortless Attention, Hypofrontality, and Perfectionism
Arne Dietrich andOliver Stoll
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8
Effortless Attention in Everyday Life: A Systematic Phenomenology
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi andJeanne Nakamura
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9
Developing an Experimental Induction of Flow : Effortless Action in the Lab
Arlen C. Moller and others
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10
The Physiology of Effortless Attention: Correlates of State Flow and Flow Proneness
Fredrik Ullén and others
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11
Apertures, Draw, and Syntax: Remodeling Attention
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12
Toward an Empirically Responsible Ethics: Cognitive Science, Virtue Ethics, and Effortless Attention in Early Chinese Thought
Edward Slingerland
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13
Flow Experience Explained on the Grounds of an Activity Approach to Attention
Yuri Dormashev andEvgeny N. Osin
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14
Two to Tango : Automatic Social Coordination and the Role of Felt Effort
Joshua M. Ackerman andJohn A. Bargh
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15
The Thalamic Gateway: How the Meditative Training of Attention Evolves toward Selfless Transformations of Consciousness
James H. Austin
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16
Training Effortless Attention
Michael I. Posner and others
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End Matter
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