
Contents
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Abstract Abstract
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Introduction Introduction
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Violence Violence
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Environment Becomes Epigenetically Embedded in Biology, Regulating Gene Expression Environment Becomes Epigenetically Embedded in Biology, Regulating Gene Expression
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Environment Regulates Built-In Intelligence Environment Regulates Built-In Intelligence
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Embedding of Environment: Epigenetic Changes, Sensitive Periods, and Canalization Embedding of Environment: Epigenetic Changes, Sensitive Periods, and Canalization
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Threat and Stress in Brain Development Threat and Stress in Brain Development
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The Stress Response The Stress Response
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“Top-Down” and “Bottom-Up” Brain Processes: Self-Regulation “Top-Down” and “Bottom-Up” Brain Processes: Self-Regulation
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Self-Regulation and Socioeconomic Status Self-Regulation and Socioeconomic Status
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From Maternal Regulation to Self-Regulation: The Maternal Mediation Hypothesis From Maternal Regulation to Self-Regulation: The Maternal Mediation Hypothesis
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Strategic Life Histories Strategic Life Histories
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For Better or For Worse: Individual Differences in Sensitivity to the Environment For Better or For Worse: Individual Differences in Sensitivity to the Environment
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Environmental Regulation of Threat-Related Built-In Intelligence Environmental Regulation of Threat-Related Built-In Intelligence
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The Neurobiology of Responses to Threat, Stressors, and Trauma The Neurobiology of Responses to Threat, Stressors, and Trauma
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Safety in the Brain: The Role of Others Safety in the Brain: The Role of Others
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Childhood Adversity and Life-Time Trauma Exposure Childhood Adversity and Life-Time Trauma Exposure
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Parental Mediation in Traumatic Stress Parental Mediation in Traumatic Stress
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Distinct Relational Models Regulate Built-In Intelligence Differently Distinct Relational Models Regulate Built-In Intelligence Differently
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Relational Models in Early Development Relational Models in Early Development
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Altruism in Early Childhood and Evolution Altruism in Early Childhood and Evolution
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Groups: Environments of Social Development Groups: Environments of Social Development
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Neurobiology of Groups and Shared States Neurobiology of Groups and Shared States
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Can Formative Childhoods Be a Path to Peace? Can Formative Childhoods Be a Path to Peace?
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Basic Motivations and Capacities That Can Be Mobilized by Interventions Basic Motivations and Capacities That Can Be Mobilized by Interventions
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The Way Forward The Way Forward
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10 Prosocial Development and Situational Morality: Neurobiological, Parental, and Contextual Factors
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7 Human Biological Development and Peace: Genes, Brains, Safety, and Justice
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Published:December 2014
Cite
Abstract
This chapter examines the concept of peace from a biopsychosocial perspective. It reviews available knowledge concerning gene-environment regulatory interactions and their consequences for neurodevelopment, particularly during sensitive periods early in life. The hypothesis is explored that efforts on the part of parents to protect, nurture, and stimulate their children can lead to physically, psychologically, and socially healthier developmental trajectories and support the emergence of more peaceful families and communities. Clearly, adverse environments (e.g., structural violence) may result in lower parental investment in child rearing and negative outcomes for social harmony and health over the course of life. More research is thus needed to understand the potential positive impact that interventions will have on societal peace. The role of groups in shaping human behavior toward conflict or conflict resolution and peace is examined. Published in the Strungmann Forum Reports Series.
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