
Contents
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Openings and Closures: “The Long Tunnel Thesis” Openings and Closures: “The Long Tunnel Thesis”
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Enter the Ethnographer Enter the Ethnographer
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Ethnography of the State Ethnography of the State
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Human Smuggling: Exceptionalism and “the Other” Human Smuggling: Exceptionalism and “the Other”
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Tracking the State from the Inside Out Tracking the State from the Inside Out
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Introduction Struggles to Land in States of Migration
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Published:April 2010
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Openings and Closures: “The Long Tunnel Thesis”
On July 20, 1999, off the coast of British Columbia, Canadian authorities intercepted what would be the first of four boats to arrive during a period of six weeks with a total of 599 tired and hungry women, men, and children on board. The Yuan Yee carried 123 people from the coastal province of Fujian, China. They were estimated to have been at sea for approximately thirtynine days, smuggled on retrofitted fishing trawlers from Fujian and intercepted en route to North America. The Department of National Defense (DND) first spotted the boat as it entered Canadian territorial waters, which begin and end twelve miles off shore. The DND contacted the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC), the federal agency tasked with managing immigration and refugee claims and with border enforcement. Ultimately, some twelve federal departments became involved in the interceptions, but CIC served as coordinating agency in the interceptions and subsequent processing and detention. A harrowing encounter ensued after this and each subsequent ship was intercepted. Federal ships chased smugglers, who tried to conceal their cargo as well as the details of the journey. They jettisoned GPS and other technology that would betray the details of what had by then become a highly lucrative industry of transporting migrants across the Pacific to North America. British Columbia proved a desirable entry point, where smugglers believed the ships could land undetected along the isolated, if rugged, coast. Though it was not yet known, the migrants were most likely headed south to the United States.
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