... and ecclesiastical institutions. His cultural significance was determined not simply by the intelligence and acuity of his ideas, but by the fact that they were circulated in concert amongst the political elite and a wider public audience. Toland's affinity with people in power illustrates the role his ideas played...

... about-turn in Ireland's approach to European membership. This afterword considers three key features of this path: the lack of a ‘vision’ of European integration, the mediating role of the national political elite, and the public response to Irish official discourse on the EU. It explores how Irish...

... Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011 parochial mandate governance Political recruitment Local elections Councillors Social composition of councillors Political motivation Political elite Councillor backgrounds Political characteristics In Chapter 1 we saw that the roles...