... little work on the external constraints, incentives and disincentives to democratisation and it is this gap that needs to be filled. When it comes to Algeria, the near total exclusion of international factors in explaining the failure of the transition is quite puzzling. authoritarianism democratisation...

...This book builds a theoretical framework through which previously neglected international factors are brought into the analyses of transitions to democracy. It then explores the case of Algeria. It contributes to the literature on democratisation and provides an analysis of Algerian politics during...

... University Press, 2nd edn, 1999), p. 64 (amended version with my figures for Moscow and Yevenk added to the original table). Since the early 1970s, a ‘third wave’ of democratisation has swept the world. In the period 1972–94, the number of democratic political systems doubled from 44 to 107. One school has...

... the next four years. Ion Iliescu's strategy of cautious democratisation without meaningful de-communisation remained largely intact. Progress with the EU application appeared to be the most realistic option for strengthening ties with the West. The EU's institutions of multilevel governance proved...

... definitions of democracy are exacerbated by the different use and study of democracy by democracy theory and democratisation studies. This chapter contends that the democratic continuum aims to capture the nuances in defining democracy and draw out the lack of clearly set boundaries between definitions...

...This chapter shows how United Nations (UN) democracy emerged and was shaped by the increasing democratisation of member states. It suggests that the vision of democracy—elections—which emerged in the late 1980s/early 1990s only describes a historically distinct phase of the creation...

... its five dimensions which include market development, human development, democratisation, participation and citizenship. This chapter evaluates the extent to which these five dimensions have been addressed by the United Nations and examines whether the individual parts of developmental democracy have...

... addresses why the story of the League movement forms an integral part of the larger history of the democratisation of Britain's political culture between the wars. The League of Nations Union's (LNU) individual membership covered all parts of the United Kingdom but was disproportionately concentrated...

... labyrinth where democracy, ‘stateness’, identity and security are difficult to bring together. This chapter examines the international attempts at peace-building in the former Yugoslavia by focusing on the challenges to efforts to bring lasting stability posed by democratisation, ethnic nationalism...

.... This chapter analyses the state of democracy and the trajectory of democratisation in the 1990s and identifies a range of drivers which contributed to the development of this new, governance-focussed democracy agenda. It shows that as democracy was no longer confined to the constraints of a minimal definition...

... powers. Putin faced the same dilemma as that of Gorbachev and Yeltsin before him, how to maintain the unity of the state without abandoning a commitment to democratisation. 1 See, Presidential Decree no. 765, July 23, 1992, ‘Ob utverzhdenii polozheniya o predstavitele Prezidenta...

...This book examines the contribution of different Christian traditions to the waves of democratisation that have swept various parts of the world in recent decades, offering an historical overview of Christianity's engagement with the development of democracy, before focusing in detail on the period...

... municipal museum public parks democratisation popular culture Brotherton Salford Warrington Stockport Lancashire and Cheshire have a strong claim to be the birthplace of the municipal art gallery. The Salford MP Joseph Brotherton promoted the legislation that allowed local authorities to finance...

...For most of the twentieth century Russia was markedly more authoritarian than it is today. Nonetheless, many observers of Russia in the first decade of the twenty-first century see a country increasingly moving back to authoritarianism, in comparison with the democratising moves and mood...

...This chapter explores the democratisation of politics in India. It explains that the process of constitutional development started in the nineteenth century and culminated in the drafting and adoption of a new constitution for independent India in 1949. The founding fathers wanted India...

... in an attempt to turn the country into a fully-fledged democratic state which would embrace economic liberalism. However, the process of democratisation failed to consolidate and the democratic experiment came to an end in January 1992 when the Army, traditionally the real wielder of power behind the scenes...

... of the major problems in the literature on democratisation and its use of international relations theory is its over-reliance on structural economics, particularly when it comes to the Arab world. What should be analysed instead are the international economic and the geostrategic dimensions together. Thus...

...The international dimension played a significant role in the origin, development and conclusion of Algeria's failed transition to democracy. The process of democratisation might have ended even if the FIS had been allowed to govern, as there were serious doubts about its democratic credentials...