.... The traditionally dominant Orthodox churches tend to look to the past, focusing at the institutional level on developing close ties with the State and arguing that this was perfectly legitimate in countries where the majority of the population identified, however loosely, with the Orthodox tradition. The chapter...

... viewers. It has traditionally been reserved for the male spectator. Representation creates this outside by departicularizing the female body, and rendering it hyper-visible – i.e. by subsuming it to the entifying and universalizing category ‘woman’ and ‘picture.’ Since women are subjected to this process...

... historically been identified as providing an iconographic sanctuary for national visual cultures, or a shelter of stability and solace in moments of impending crisis. As a subject matter and a symbolic force, it allows retreat to the tradition and familiarity of the national imaginary of place in the face...

...This chapter attempts to define three of the central components of the intuitionist-realist tradition: tradition's conceptualisation of the ‘problem’ of modernity; the proposed ‘solution’ to that problem; and the elaboration of an aesthetic vehicle through which such a solution can be realised...

... foundation of ultras groups. It can act as an ‘invented tradition’ where ultras integrate historical narratives of their club, city and nation to present themselves to others. This chapter illustrates some of the many ways in which history has been incorporated into the development of the ultras style...

...’ of a tree-ring: its width and reflectance. Traditionally, tree-ring chronologies have been created by measuring the width of annual rings. The emergence of newer technologies and the geographical expansion of dendroclimatology around the world have meant that additional information from tree-rings is now...

... as a form of intoxication as well as a world-making state of primal vulnerability is also emphasised. The introduction stresses the extent to which Hollinghurst breaks new ground even as he prowls the precincts of well-established literary traditions. These traditions extend beyond the novel and encompass...

...This chapter focuses on John Toland's efforts to defend the sovereignty of reason in politics by undertaking the adventurous project of republishing the canonical works of the commonwealth tradition between 1697 and 1700. His 1698 King Charles I. No such Saint, martyr, or Good Protestant...

... for the Advanced, published in 1975 and 1979 respectively. While often dismissed as ‘dogmatic’ and ‘sloganeering’, these collections combine the polemic-prosaic with a ‘lyric necessity’ that never left Baraka. Baraka here shows himself to be a mature poet, drawing on the tradition of American socialist poetry...

... de La Barre Joseph Antoine Monnereau Élie Relation of 1671 N Mr de Nouvelles de l’Amérique Oexmelin Exquemelin Alexandre Tradition Script Labour Anthropology Strategy It was February 1694, in the north of the island of Martinique. Père Labat had arrived in Macouba to an enthusiastic welcome...

... of the status of otherness to which women have been consigned by what both specify as the patriarchal tradition. This reversal, or transvaluation of otherness, signals an attainment of a social independence and personal fulfillment for women in ways that reject a male God figure and his legitimation of women's...

... his imitative methods developed. It suggests that it is possible to trace the composition and construction of his sonnet sequence Delia to two separate phases and each phase reflects the predominant use of sources from a specific sonnet tradition (French and then Italian). Anne...

...Across sub-Saharan Africa traditional authorities have gained prominent positions in both state building enterprises and development programmes since the 1990s. In Uganda there has been an emergence of ‘cultural institutions’ such as Ker Kwaro Acholi in northern Uganda, which has taken...

...Irish oral tradition had a range of beliefs concerning the existence of countercultures made up of beggars and various types of wanderers. The countercultural motifs incorporating the idea of a ‘pagan’ marriage ceremony provided a link connecting the construction of Travelling people...

...This chapter describes the influence of folktales in the Irish tradition, and their influence on popular beliefs and attitudes regarding Irish Travellers, also making links to similar folktales as they exist in the European tradition. The folktales discussed here are tales that are referred...

... with the danse macabre tradition. The final part of the chapter examines the adoption of the ‘Romantic grotesque’ and pre-Surrealist nonsense by several popular authors, including Charles Dickens, Lewis Caroll, Nikolai Gogol and Ugo Foscolo. Aristophanes ‘Bonaventura’ Night Watches of Bonavenura...

... of the human condition, almost an omnipresent phenomenon. Clearly in agreement with Oakeshott, he argued that basically every human activity involves aspects of traditionally transmitted behaviour. This is true even of science, which as an activity possesses traditions of its own. Here both thinkers were...

...: between intellectuals and their societies, between tradition and modernity, ideological conflict, and conflicts within the traditions of the modern liberal democratic state. This book explores the thought of Shils, his relations to key figures, his key themes and ideas, and his abiding interests...

... continuity from much earlier periods in settlement pattern and material culture. By assuming that this seeming non-change reflected active, negotiated choices, a new model emerges in which maintaining traditional practices and ways of life is part of an active resistance of Roman domination. This case study...

.... Referring to existing literature, the chapter identifies the lacuna to which the book responds, especially in heritage studies and architecture. The chapter also provides sufficient historical and theoretical background and identifies core motifs such as tradition and nostalgia, which are addressed...