... the growing importance of ideas of necessity and reason of state as tools of government policies during the early seventeenth century. The chapter demonstrates that the Crown’s claims were not unprecedented but had emerged from an older common law tradition. By the time of Ship Money...

... sacrificial quality of Charles as portrayed in the Eikon dovetailed with the Stoic features of the text and with its pronounced rejection of fashionable reason-of-state thinking. But it was, above all, the dualist or ‘Laudian’ ecclesiology of the Eikon that generated...

... whether they were Catholic or Protestant. Not many were convinced – England rejected outright the French ‘reason of state’ defence. Catholic states felt the massacres were necessary, but not on reason of state grounds. In practice, Charles IX soon had to backtrack from his stance of defending internal...