
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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European responses to the conflict in Yugoslavia European responses to the conflict in Yugoslavia
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The EC Monitoring Mission The EC Monitoring Mission
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Coherence under the shadow of the Presidency Coherence under the shadow of the Presidency
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The limits of civilian power in a war zone The limits of civilian power in a war zone
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The EC Peace Conference on Former Yugoslavia The EC Peace Conference on Former Yugoslavia
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Speaking with one voice? Speaking with one voice?
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Effectiveness: looking at the objectives, mandate and instruments Effectiveness: looking at the objectives, mandate and instruments
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The non-decision on military intervention The non-decision on military intervention
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Disagreements about Europe’s security architecture Disagreements about Europe’s security architecture
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Assessing effectiveness Assessing effectiveness
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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4 The ‘hour of Europe’? Struggling for peace in the Balkans
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Published:July 2013
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Abstract
Chapter 4 deals with the early stages of the intervention of the European Community (EC) in Bosnia. It examines three key initiatives: the European Community Monitoring Mission (ECMM), the EC Peace Conference that opened in September 1991,and a non-decision on military intervention. During this period, low degrees of coherence and effectiveness were seen, resulting from a combination of factors: a lack of appropriate institutions and crisis management capabilities (including military capabilities), EC inexperience in managing international conflicts, a poor understanding of the situation in the Balkan region, an unwillingness of the member states to get militarily involved in the conflict, and inflated expectations both from insiders and outsiders of what the EC could do in the situation. In spite of these limitations, the member states showed a willingness to engage in conflict resolution under the EC umbrella, in particular during the early stages of the conflict, and some degree of foreign policy innovation.
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