Intellectual disability: A conceptual history, 1200-1900
Intellectual disability: A conceptual history, 1200-1900
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Abstract
This collection explores how concepts of intellectual or learning disability evolved from a range of influences, gradually developing from earlier and decidedly distinct concepts, including ‘idiocy’ and ‘folly’, which were themselves generated by very specific social and intellectual environments. With essays extending across legal, educational, literary, religious, philosophical, and psychiatric histories, this collection maintains a rigorous distinction between historical and contemporary concepts in demonstrating how intellectual disability and related notions were products of the prevailing social, cultural, and intellectual environments in which they took form, and themselves performed important functions within these environments. Focusing on British and European material from the middle ages to the late nineteenth century, this collection asks ‘How and why did these concepts form?’ ‘How did they connect with one another?’ and ‘What historical circumstances contributed to building these connections?’ While the emphasis is on conceptual history or a history of ideas, these essays also address the consequences of these defining forces for the people who found themselves enclosed by the shifting definitional field.
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Front Matter
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1
Introduction: The Emergent Critical History of Intellectual Disability
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2
Conceptualization of Intellectual Disability in Medieval English Law
Wendy J. Turner
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3
‘Will-Nots’ and ‘Cannots’: Tracing a Trope in Medieval Thought
Irina Metzler
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4
‘Some have it from Birth, Some by Disposition’:1 Foolishness in Medieval German Literature
Janina Dillig
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5
Exclusion from the Eucharist: The Re-shaping of Idiocy in the Seventeenth-Century Church
C. F. Goodey
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6
‘A Defect in the Mind’: Cognitive Ableism in Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels
D. Christopher Gabbard
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7
Sensationalism and the Construction of Intellectual Disability
Tim Stainton
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8
Peter the ‘Wild Boy’: What Peter Means to Us
Katie Branch and others
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9
‘Belief’, ‘Opinion’, and ‘Knowledge’: The Idiot in Law in the Long Eighteenth Century
Simon Jarrett
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10
Idiocy and the Conceptual Economy of Madness
Murray K. Simpson
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11
Visiting Earlswood: The Asylum Travelogue and the Shaping of ‘Idiocy’
Patrick McDonagh
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End Matter
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