
Contents
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Hatred, Solitude and the Salon of 1866 Hatred, Solitude and the Salon of 1866
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Literature against Politics Literature against Politics
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Fighting Bankruptcy Fighting Bankruptcy
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Statuary and Ideology Statuary and Ideology
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Nouvelle Campagne: The Final Rehearsal Nouvelle Campagne: The Final Rehearsal
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1 The Prehistory of ‘J’Accuse …!’: Zola’s Career as Critic
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Published:April 2023
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Abstract
Chapter 1 treats Zola’s long career as a literary and cultural critic from its early days in the 1860s through to 1897, just before his engagement in the Affair. It concentrates on three polemical ‘battles,’ each separated from the next by around fifteen years, which defined his career and illustrate the origin of the arguments that Zola would redeploy during the Affair itself. These are: the battle of the Salon of 1866, when Zola outraged the Parisian art world with vehement defenses of Manet’s painting; the battle of literature against politics, when he attacked Republican politicians hostile to the success of his novels around 1880; and the battle of the bankruptcy of science in the mid-1890s, when he responded to critics who alleged science’s inability to answer moral questions or provide meaning to modern life. The chapter offers a micro-historical panorama of some of the major questions preoccupying French society between 1860 and 1900, as well as preparing the reader to understand Zola’s pro-Dreyfus engagement.
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