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As a refrain, “Ireland is changing Mother” drives Galway poet Rita Ann Higgins’s poem of the same title, published digitally in 2008, and in 2011 in her collection of the same name. The poem’s speaker asks,
And where have all the Nellys goneand all the Missus Kellys gone?You might have hadthe cleanest step on your streetbut so what mother,Nowadays it’s not the stepbut the mile that matters.
Higgins’s speaker laments that what Ireland was has been replaced by a much more complex and globalized picture. Goodbye to recognizably Irish names. Customs that used to matter no longer do. A national identity that—while contested—could survive for a time is threatened. A nation whose economic situation led to mass emigrations now finds itself full of immigrants seeking benefit from Ireland’s rapid economic growth: Ireland’s transformation from one of Europe’s poorest nations into one of its wealthiest brought benefits, but also the inevitable strains of modernization, not to mention those strains that come with collapse of the Celtic Tiger.
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