
Contents
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What was the Kingdom of Poland? What was the Kingdom of Poland?
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Who were the Maskilim of the Congress Kingdom? Who were the Maskilim of the Congress Kingdom?
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Institutions of the Haskalah: The Maskilim as a Social Group Institutions of the Haskalah: The Maskilim as a Social Group
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The Geography of the Polish Haskalah The Geography of the Polish Haskalah
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Ideology and Programme Ideology and Programme
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Education Education
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Productivity: The Social Focus of the Polish Haskalah Productivity: The Social Focus of the Polish Haskalah
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Criticism of the Kahal Criticism of the Kahal
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The Battle with Separatism The Battle with Separatism
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Monarchism and Patriotism Monarchism and Patriotism
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Preservation of Jewish Identity Preservation of Jewish Identity
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Does Language Make a Maskil? Does Language Make a Maskil?
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Why in Polish? The Polish Haskalah and its Polish Context Why in Polish? The Polish Haskalah and its Polish Context
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Two Characteristics of the Haskalah in the Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1860
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Published:July 2005
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Abstract
This chapter examines the characteristics of the Haskalah in the Kingdom of Poland. In many ways, the Haskalah in the Kingdom of Poland was a movement similar to others in eastern Europe, but it also retained many unique features. In terms of its similarities, the programme of the Polish maskilim was fundamentally in sympathy with the ideological foundations of the entire east European Haskalah. Educational plans and the struggle with Jewish separatism occupied a particularly important place, but so too did the maintenance of Jewish identity through the cultivation of the Hebrew language, Jewish literature, and historical awareness. Meanwhile, differences in the programme were attributable to the Kingdom's specific legal, social, cultural, and even economic context. The opportunity to participate in the government project for Jewish reform and the genuine influence which many maskilim brought to bear on these projects meant that Jewish supporters of modernization in the Kingdom were particularly interested in the socio-political aspect of Haskalah ideology and in putting it into action. As a result, they paid considerable attention to the productivity programme and to changes in the socio-occupational structure of the Jewish population in Poland, while neglecting areas of theory or religion. Another distinguishing characteristic of the Polish Haskalah was the predominance of literature in the Polish language.
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