... archival documents of the period. It first focuses on how Bosnian Catholics were defined by the Ottoman empire, in order to answer the question of whether or not they were recognized as a separate millet. Secondly, it concentrates on the Bosnian Catholic clergy’s relations with the Ottoman centre...

..., Bosnians, Egyptians, Indians, and Albanians. Christian minorities of the Ottoman Empire William E. Gladstone Islam the Eastern Question Ottoman administration The sufferers under the present misrule and the horribly accumulated outrages of the last two years are our fellow Christians...

...Erdağ Göknar Postsecularism Postcolonialism Ottoman Empire Turkey Orhan Pamuk Literature Eventually, the increasing similarity in character of the “master” and “slave” (in addition to their close appearance) allows them to pass for each other (“I was he and he was me”). ²²...

.... Anderson writes, were “used to writing off the Ottoman Empire as an anachronism” and considered “Turks, Kurds, Circassians, and the other Muslims populating eastern Anatolia [to be] shadowy presences, claiming attention only when they were killing Christians.” ⁴⁸ Within these publics, a pro...

..., and historical ties developed over 500 years of Ottoman suzerainty, they preferred to remain in the region following long-established transnational socio-economic networks and kinship ties. forced migrants securitization containment Ottoman Empire transnational mobility migration Turkey Iraq Syria...

.... medical education Ottoman medicine medicine in the late Ottoman Empire nineteenth-century doctors medical professions medicine and politics In 1889, a group of people known as the Young Turks organized in Istanbul and abroad and formed a movement that opposed Sultan Abdülhamid II, whose reign (1876...

..., they represented a new iteration of an imperial vision that had marked relations between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers of Britain, France, and Russia since the late eighteenth century: the idea, enshrined in the so-called capitulations agreements, that non-Muslim communities within the Ottoman sphere...

...Ali Balci Abstract Long neglected in international relations (IRs), the Ottoman Empire is now getting the attention it deserves. Leaving its “Westphalian straitjacket” behind, the discipline has finally taken a keen interest in non-Western and historical cases. However, the discipline has long...

...,” Ihsanoglu shows how reformers endeavored to reconcile the “old” and the “new” (p123). Therefore, the formation of medical and law schools was less complicated than the formation of faculties of Science and Art because there was a “deep-rooted” tradition in the Ottoman Empire concerning medical and law...

..., to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today. Ottoman Empire Turkey First World War League of Nations mandates Mustafa Kemal Atatürk On October 15–20, 1927, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa...

... and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today. League of Nations mandates system Palestine Ottoman Empire World War I Let’s begin by acknowledging that the textual...

... is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model ) Summary In Crete, as in the rest of the Ottoman Empire, patients who suffered from hernias...

... as well as its competitors in East and West. Finally, it shows how, in early modern societies, public ceremonies served as instruments of governance by creating highly visible, memorable, and relatively participatory events, and by constituting new spaces for political and cultural interactions. Ottoman...

... won formal independence from the Ottoman Empire. Bulgaria gained a generous autonomy, while Bosnia and Herzegovina came under Habsburg administration while nominally remaining part of the Ottoman Empire. ‘Turkey in Europe’, as the mapmakers used to call it, nearly ceased to exist. Refugees and what...