Supplement Paper
Recent progress and future perspective of electron cryomicroscopy for structural life sciences
Keiichi Namba and Fumiaki Makino
Mini Abstract: How can macromolecular structures be imaged and analyzed at atomic level resolution in their native states by electron cryomicroscopy despite their high sensitivity to radiation damage at a relatively low level of electron irradiation? We describe recent progress and future perspective of electron cryomicroscopy for structural life sciences.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i3--i14; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab049
Cryogenic electron microscopy approaches that combine images and tilt series
Thomas Calcraft and Peter B. Rosenthal
Mini Abstract: We survey approaches that combine single particle and tomography methods for imaging radiation sensitive biological specimens. These include tilt-pairs to assist single particle reconstruction from 2D images, analysis of tilt-series by single particle tomography, and template matching of single particles in 2D images of cellular specimens.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i15--i22; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab053
Classifying liganded states in heterogeneous single-particle cryo-EM datasets
William R. Arnold, Daniel Asarnow and Yifan Cheng
Mini Abstract: We asked question if the same protein bound with different ligands in the same binding pocket can be separated by image classification, and if information concerning binding kinetics can be derived from the particle distributions of different conformations obtained in classification. In this study, we address these questions by assessing the classification of synthetic heterogeneous datasets of TRPV1 generated by combining different homogeneous experimental datasets.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i23--i29; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab044
Forty years in cryoEM of membrane proteins
Werner Kühlbrandt
Mini Abstract: In a surprisingly short time, cryoEM has become the main tool for determining the structure of membrane protein complexes at high resolution. This review presents this breathtaking development from the perspective of someone who witnessed it from its beginnings in the early 1980s to the present day.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i30--i50; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab041
Interaction of human erythrocyte catalase with air-water interface in cryoEM
Shaoxia Chen, Jade Li, Kutti R. Vinothkumar and Richard Henderson
Mini Abstract: A key goal in single particle cryoEM is to obtain a good distribution of particles without preferential orientation. We describe how inclusion of certain detergents prior to plunge-freezing prevents human erythrocyte catalase from forming ribbons or rafts at the air-water interface and allows a high-quality structure to be determined.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i51--i59; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab037
Identifying proteins in the cell by tagging techniques for cryo-electron microscopy
Masahide Kikkawa and Haruaki Yanagisawa
Mini Abstract: Cryo-electron microscopy is currently expanding its application from molecular structures to cellular structures that are heterogeneous and crowded. In this review, we explain the requirements for tags to identify biological molecules in the cell and review recent advances in tagging and identification methods.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i60--i65; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab059
Protein--lipid interplay at the neuromuscular junction
Nigel Unwin
Mini Abstract: This article discusses the whole protein-lipid organisation of the cholinergic postsynaptic membrane, its physiological implications and how the observed details relate to our current concept of membrane structure.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i66--i71; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab023
Electron microscopic visualization of single molecules by tag-mediated metal particle labeling
Ryuichi Shigemoto
Mini Abstract: Genetically encoded tags have introduced versatile applications in biology including electron microscopic visualization of proteins of interest with metal nanoparticles. Compared with conventional immunolabeling, tag-mediated labeling has wider applicability, higher sensitivity and resolution, thus potentially enables us to detect every single molecule in situ, and may revolutionize the field.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i72--i80; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab048
Imaging neural circuit pathology of autism spectrum disorders: autism-associated genes, animal models and the application of in vivo two-photon imaging
Hiroshi Terashima, Keiichiro Minatohara, Hisato Maruoka and Shigeo Okabe
Mini Abstract: This review introduces synapse- and circuit-level phenotypes identified by in vivo two-photon imaging in multiple mouse models of ASD and discusses the contributions of altered synapse properties and neural circuit activity to ASD pathogenesis.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i81--i99; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab039
Applications of deep learning in electron microscopy
Kevin P. Treder, Chen Huang, Judy S. Kim and Angus I. Kirkland
Mini Abstract: We review the growing use of deep learning applications in electron microscopy. Various network architectures and error metrics that have been applied to a wide range of electron microscopy related problems are summarised and modifications on conventional networks and training data are highlighted.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i100--i115; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab043
Data-driven electron microscopy: electron diffraction imaging of materials structural properties
Jian-Min Zuo, Renliang Yuan, Yu-Tsun Shao, Haw-Wen Hsiao, Saran Pidaparthy, Yang Hu, Qun Yang and Jiong Zhang
Mini Abstract: An emergent trend in electron microscopy is to collect many diffraction patterns for diffraction imaging. The major advantage of this data-driven approach is being able to form direct images of crystal structural properties. This review introduces this new concept and highlight its potential with illustrated application examples (14 figures).
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i116--i131; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab032
Evolution in X-ray analysis from micro to atomic scales in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes
Masashi Watanabe and Ray F. Egerton
Mini Abstract: X-ray analysis is essential for materials characterization ever since Raimond Castaing established 70 years ago. The latest S/TEM offers atomic-resolution analysis and single atom analysis possible by X-ray. Recent progress and advantages related to S/TEM-based X-ray analysis will be discussed in (I) quantification, (II) spatial resolution and (III) sensitivity.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i132--i147; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab026
Electron microscopy for polymer structures
Hiroshi Jinnai
Mini Abstract: This paper reviews recent advances and perspectives of electron microscopy and its application to polymer hierarchical structures. Static as well as dynamical aspects of the polymer structures with radiation-sensitive polymer materials stemmed from developments made in electron optics and super-sensitive cameras used for advanced electron microscopy.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i148--i164; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab057
Kelvin probe force microscopy for material characterization
Thilo Glatzel, Urs Gysin and Ernst Meyer
Mini Abstract: The manuscript introduces the main concept of KPFM and describes the major methods of operation. Based on the analysis of a Si super- junction device structures dopant profiling and the concept of surface photovoltage measurements will be introduced. The influence of local charge accumulation on these devices will be presented and the effect on the measured contact potential values will be discussed.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i165--i73; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab040
Advances in ultrahigh-energy resolution EELS: phonons, infrared plasmons and strongly coupled modes
Maureen J Lagos, Isobel C Bicket, S Shayan Mousavi M1 and Gianluigi A Botton
Mini Abstract: Sub 50 meV atom-wide electron probes can be fabricated routinely in electron microscopes due to improvements in monochromator technologies. This review discusses the gradual improvement in energy resolution of electron microscopes and the application of monochromated electron beams for the study of vibrational modes, infrared plasmons, and hybrid excitations in nanomaterials. Overall, the wealth of information gained makes STEM-EELS a valuable technique for investigating the infrared responses of nanomaterials.
Microscopy 2022 71:S1 i174--i199; doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfab050
