Volume 94, Issue 5, Nov 2013

Discussion on the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) signaling in auto-reactive B cell development and activation.

Discussion on recently identified properties of innate lymphoid cells that may implicate novel functions in health and disease.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase signaling is not required for BCR/TLR-dependent activation of autoreactive B cells.

ILC2s express arginase-I independently of STAT6 in resting tissue and during helminth infection.

Review on TLR2 co-receptors and ligand interactions, and their significance to TLR2 function.

Review on the contribution of gut, skin, and lung migratory DCs to peripheral tolerance, specifically Treg cell induction in homeostatic conditions.

Review of how macrophages switch from an inflammatory to regulatory activation state during disease, and a newly identified mechanism governing this transition.

Review of recent evidence that Th17 memory cells are a long-lived, robust population effective in responses to infection, and deleterious in autoimmune disease.

Review on the role that the NOD2:RIP2 complex plays in inflammatory disease, with an emphasis on its inhibition as a future drug target.

Review of how innate lymphoid cells (newly described cell types that produce a variety of cytokines) appear to play important roles in asthma.

Review on how NF-kB member RelB regulates leukocyte biology by reprograming bioenergetics, metabolism and immune phenotypes, thereby influencing both homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.

A novel molecular mechanism underlying arrest of monocyte/ macrophage migration important for the physiological maintenance of leukocytes at the site of inflammation.

Programmed cell death ligand-1 gene deficiency attenuates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell injury in sepsis, resulting from interactions with programmed cell death receptor-1 expressing Kupffer cells.

Alpha-toxin expression by CA-MRSA USA300, compromises human monocyte plasma membrane integrity, with a redundant role influencing overall cytokine expression during early human blood infection.

TGF-β plus rapamycin-induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) are comparable to iTreg induced with TGF-β plus retinoic acid in their suppressive capacity, but reveal distinct migration patterns in vivo that affect their therapeutic use.

Human fetal lymphocyte lineage identified by CD27 and LIN28B expression during early B-cell development.

Absence of TLR3 mRNA and protein expression in cord blood NK cells and its consequent functional implication.

Chronic exposure to sphingosine-1-phosphate within, or outside, mast cells causes gene expression alterations that modulate FcɛRI-mediated mast cell responses, and the onset of allergic reaction.

Using short or long Poly I:C to induce optimal innate immune responses or adjuvant effects depends on the target cell types.

Up-regulation of COX-2/PGE2 and HGF through a positive feedback loop may be an important mechanism whereby apoptotic cell instillation exerts anti-fibrotic action.

Novel association between intrinsic viral resistance genes and HLA class I provide additional mechanistic determinants in HIV-1 disease outcomes.

CD14⁺CD33⁺ intestinal myeloid cells produce CCL11, which recruits eosinophils both in active and quiescent UC; levels of activated (CD66bhigh) eosinophils correlate with disease severity.

Phagocyte function deregulated in age-restricted inflammatory disorders.

CXCL13 in Sjögren's syndrome increases with disease progression in mice and is elevated in human sera and saliva; blockade of CXCL13 ameliorates disease in an SS murine model.

Combining non-invasive biophysical techniques to analyze cellular deformability with mathematical modeling of timedependent deformability, reveals the impact of therapeutic colchicine concentrations on cytoskeletal compartments and cell mechanics.