Volume 55, Issue 4, April 2025

This review focuses on NTRK fusion-positive sarcomas; evaluates their epidemiology, clinical features, and histological characteristics; explores treatments, including TRK inhibitors; and discusses the long-term efficacy and optimal order of action.

The WHO Classification includes a definition for combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Treatment strategies are determined according to either hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma considering tumor markers or radiological and pathological findings.

Plasma BCAA concentrations were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk overall. However, on exclusion of cases diagnosed within 6 years from baseline, total BCAA and leucine were inversely related.

The elderly patients had many complications and a high risk of death from other causes. Surgical risk and general condition must be considered when deciding on the appropriateness of surgery.

We found that the hinotori™ Surgical Robot System provides comparable surgical outcomes to the da Vinci® Xi system for simple hysterectomy with SN biopsy in low-risk endometrial cancer.

Our study revealed no significant inter-institutional heterogeneity of the survival outcomes in advanced biliary tract cancer patients of the JCOG1113 study, supporting the generalizability of its results.

Primary liver cancer trends show an increase in non-viral, non-cirrhotic cases. Also, increments of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma highlight a need to reassess diagnostic and management strategies.

Despite the short-term results, many patients benefited from selumetinib without serious AEs. In some patients, administration was discontinued or interrupted because of the balance between benefits and AEs.

Over half of hospital cancer deaths occurred in facilities offering palliative care. Outreach to hospitals with 100–499 beds and 20–49 cancer deaths may enhance end-of-life care efficiently.

Study analyzed ES-SCLC treatment patterns and survival in Japan using MDV and DeSC databases. Anti-PD-L1 therapies are now first-line, but survival remains poor, highlighting unmet medical needs.

The degree of FDG accumulation on FDG-PET/CT compensates for the limitation of HRCT in predicting the invasive component, particularly in assessing GGO.

A real-world database analysis showed that, while prescription of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors has increased, combined androgen blockade or androgen deprivation therapy remains the most common regimen for initial treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients in Japan.

In East Asian patients with RCC, pembrolizumab + axitinib improved OS, PFS, and ORR over sunitinib. Results support the use of pembrolizumab + axitinib in patients with advanced RCC.

Patients with a subtype of urothelial carcinoma had a higher rate of progression to muscle invasion and metastasis than those with pure urothelial carcinoma.

An adjustable dd-MVAC protocol for Japanese patients with urothelial carcinoma based on renal function and adverse events have favorable impact, with 68.6% patients completing six cycles successfully with manageable toxicities.

This retrospective study comprehensively analyzed consecutive localized prostate cancer cases treated at our institution to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.