Volume 51, Issue 10, October 2021

We summarize current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy against urothelial and kidney cancer. In both cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors are spreading in the first line, subsequent lines and adjuvant settings.

The usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade osteosarcoma was established by two randomized, controlled trials conducted in the 1980s. However, since then, no clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of study treatment.

This systematic review found that disease-free interval, the number of metastatic organs and liver metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced and metastatic breast cancer.

The diagnostic values of axillary ultrasound for node residue disease assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are different for the four breast cancer subtypes.

Probability of head and neck cancer death is higher in mid- or low-volume hospitals in Japan. Centralizing head and neck cancer treatments might provide more effective treatment in Japan.

A multicenter study evaluating the frequency of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 overexpression and gene amplification in tumor specimen from Japanese patients with recurrent or unresectable gastric cancer.

Skeletal muscle mass measurement is superior to psoas muscle mass measurements for the detection of low skeletal mass quantity based on use of CT scan.

We reported the outcomes after surgical management of bone sarcoma of the foot. Good local control was obtained with acceptable functional outcomes and the low rates of post-operative complications.

Japanese patients with germline pathogenic variants of hereditary cancers disclosed their test results to at least one relative, mostly first-degree relatives, including the patients’ adult children, siblings, spouses and parents.

Physical care is the most important survivor follow-up aspect, according to clinicians from several continents. Asian and European/North American respondents shared most priorities. Healthcare structure was more important for European/North American clinicians.

This study provides useful information with which to determine optimal surgical procedures for patients aged ≥ 80 years. Wedge resection is useful for octogenarians with non-small cell lung cancer, especially considering postoperative death due to other causes.

The controlling nutritional status score may be a prognosticbiomarker in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinomatreated with or without a first-line interferon or tyrosine kinaseinhibitor.

Smaller decline of renal function after nephroureterectomy was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Many patients have reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis and even more after surgery.

There is a need for specific training programmes and/or system for psychologists who are members of palliative care teams.