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Holly Janes, David P. Friedrich, Amy Krambrink, Rebecca J. Smith, Esper G. Kallas, Helen Horton, Danilo R. Casimiro, Mary Carrington, Daniel E. Geraghty, Peter B. Gilbert, M. Juliana McElrath, Nicole Frahm, Vaccine-Induced Gag-Specific T Cells Are Associated With Reduced Viremia After HIV-1 Infection, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 208, Issue 8, 15 October 2013, Pages 1231–1239, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit322
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Abstract
The contribution of host T-cell immunity and HLA class I alleles to the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication in natural infection is widely recognized. We assessed whether vaccine-induced T-cell immunity, or expression of certain HLA alleles, impacted HIV-1 control after infection in the Step MRKAd5/HIV-1 gag/pol/nef study. Vaccine-induced T cells were associated with reduced plasma viremia, with subjects targeting ≥3 gag peptides presenting with half-log lower mean viral loads than subjects without Gag responses. This effect was stronger in participants infected proximal to vaccination and was independent of our observed association of HLA-B*27, –B*57 and –B*58:01 alleles with lower HIV-1 viremia. These findings support the ability of vaccine-induced T-cell responses to influence postinfection outcome and provide a rationale for the generation of T-cell responses by vaccination to reduce viremia if protection from acquisition is not achieved. Clinical trials identifier: NCT00095576.