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Qinxue Hu, Justine Younson, George E. Griffin, Charles Kelly, Robin J. Shattock, Pertussis Toxin and Its Binding Unit Inhibit HIV-1 Infection of Human Cervical Tissue and Macrophages Involving a CD14 Pathway, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 194, Issue 11, 1 December 2006, Pages 1547–1556, https://doi.org/10.1086/508898
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Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) and its binding unit (PTX-B) have been shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 infection of primary cells. However, the anti-HIV mechanisms have yet to be defined. We demonstrate that PTX inhibits HIV-1 infection of human cervical tissue independently of viral tropism. PTX-B showed a similar pattern of HIV-1 inhibition. Further investigation in macrophages demonstrated that PTX/PTX-B inhibited HIV-1 expression but that other G protein inhibitors and activators had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Unlike the anti-HIV bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the anti-HIV effects of PTX/PTX-B were not due to β-chemokine production or coreceptor down-modulation, but they were dependent on interaction with cell-surface receptors. Antibody blocking studies suggested that cell-surface CD14 is very likely to be the principal receptor involved in the anti-HIV effects of PTX/PTX-B. This was further strengthened by the results of surface plasmon resonance analyses. Further definition of the mechanisms of such inhibition may lead to the development of novel HIV-1 prevention strategies