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Mark S. Dworkin, Debra L. Hanson, Jonathan E. Kaplan, Jeffrey L. Jones, John W. Ward, and the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project, Risk for Preventable Opportunistic Infections in Persons with AIDS after Antiretroviral Therapy Increases CD4+ T Lymphocyte Counts above Prophylaxis Thresholds, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 182, Issue 2, August 2000, Pages 611–615, https://doi.org/10.1086/315734
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Abstract
To determine incidence and risk for preventable opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [PCP] and disseminated Mycobacterium avium—complex [MAC] infection) in persons whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts had increased by ⩾100 cells/µL to exceed the threshold of risk and in persons whose CD4+ counts had never dropped below the threshold of risk, we analyzed data collected during the period 1990–1998 in the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Disease Project. Using a counting-process formulation of the Cox model, we analyzed observation time in these 2 groups for persons who were prescribed antiretroviral therapy but not prophylaxis. The incidences of the infections were low for patients whose CD4+ count rose above the threshold of risk (PCP, 0.6 cases per 100 person-years [PY]; MAC, 1.0 cases per 100 PY) and not higher than in persons whose CD4+ counts had not decreased below these thresholds, which suggests that discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections may be considered for some patients.